[tt] Next Big Future - Focus Fusion and X-scan and the Company behind them
Eugen Leitl
<eugen at leitl.org> on
Tue Jun 3 21:00:01 UTC 2008
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To: eugen <eugen at leitl.org>
Subject: Next Big Future - Focus Fusion and X-scan and the Company behind them
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"[2]Next Big Future" - 1 new article
1. [3]Focus Fusion and X-scan and the Company behind them
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[6]Focus Fusion and X-scan and the Company behind them
[7]Lawrenceville Plasma Physics (LPP) is the company that is trying to
develop focus fusion
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[14]LPP is developing a portable, economical, extremely intense hard
X-ray source using a dense plasma focus (DPF). DPF is the same core
technology that is to be used for focus fusion.
Such a source, transportable by truck, will allow economical
non-destructive inspection of the nation's critical infrastructure,
leading to savings in repair costs of at least five billion dollars
annually.
A source with the power, photon energy and adjustability developed
in this project will allow the use of Compton scattering, in which
the X-rays are scattered off the material being probed and return
to a detector on the same side of the object as the source. Compton
scattering requires far higher X-ray power than does direct X-ray
scanning, in which the detector is on the opposite side of the
structure from the source, but has the great advantage that
scanning can be done from one side. Such one-side scanning will
greatly reduce the cost and time of inspections, making possible
the timely preventive maintenance of infrastructure such as
bridges, roads and buildings.
The X-ray source technology is being developed as a "spin-off" of
our medium-term research into the use of the DPF as a source for
fusion energy. Essentially the same technology can produce both
useful energy and extremely intense x-ray pulses.
Our market projections, based on discussions with likely final
customers, mainly state departments of transportation, indicate
that our X-ray source integrated into an inspection system can
yield sales of $20 million a year and profits of at least $3
million a year within two or three years of introduction into the
market. We anticipate that, with the help of likely government
funding, we will be able to begin marketing this device in three to
four years.
[15]LPP's research shows that, with our innovative approaches, a
DPF can serve as an x-ray source with the capabilities required. It
will be able to deliver a pulse of 100J of x-ray energy of 300keV
photons in a pulse of 10 ns, a power output 30,000 times higher
than existing linac sources.
To achieve our ambitious goals, LPP will employ five innovations,
all of which have either been verified in practice, or are
supported by extensive theoretical calculations. These are: (1) An
overall quantitative model of DPF functioning that allows firm
predictions of performance; (2) the use of the strong magnetic
field effect to achieve easy adjustability of electron temperature;
(3) a specific model of the critical plasmoid generation (collapse)
phase of DPF operation which shows the approach to achieving high
efficiency of energy transfer into the plasmoid that emits the
x-rays; (4) a multi-scale "snapshot" method of simulating the
collapse phase from scales of centimeters to microns and (5) a
method of plasma diagnosis that eliminates previous confusion of
plasma and electron beam emissions.
[16][The latest]LPP engineering analysis indicates that 5 MW focus
fusion reactors could be produced for about $300,000 apiece. This
is less than one-tenth of the cost of conventional electricity
generation units of any style or fuel design. This means that once
the prototype is successfully developed within five years, focus
fusion generators will be the preferred technology for new
electrical distributed generation.
More powerful units can be designed by accelerating the pulse
repetition rate, although there are limitations due to the amount
of waste heat that can be removed from such a small device. It is
likely that units larger than 20MW will be formed by simply
stacking smaller units together, with approximately the same cost
per kW of generated power.
[17]Current technical information
FURTHER INFORMATION
[18]Previous article on focus fusion funding which has now been
corrected
[19]Another follow up on Focus fusion
[20]The Focus Fusion google tech talk
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* [42]Corrected: Focus fusion does not have agreement with CMEF of
Sweden
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Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org
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