[tt] Next Big Future - Focus fusion has agreement with CMEF of Sweden
Eugen Leitl
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Sun Jun 1 20:20:48 UTC 2008
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Subject: Next Big Future - Focus fusion has agreement with CMEF of Sweden
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"[2]Next Big Future" - 1 new article
1. [3]Focus fusion has agreement with CMEF of Sweden
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3. [5]Search Next Big Future
[6]Focus fusion has agreement with CMEF of Sweden
[7]Focus Fusion has received funding of $600,000 with phased
additional payments up to $10 million.
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Lawrenceville Plasma Physics, Inc. (LPP) has announced the signing
of its first licensing agreement for the manufacture, distribution
and marketing of focus fusion reactors. The reactors, which could
produce energy safely and for far less than current costs, are
under development by LPP, which expects them to be ready by 2012.
The agreement gives Center for Miljo-och Energiforskning (CMEF), a
Swedish firm, a license to manufacture, market and distribute focus
fusion reactors in the European Union and Norway in return for
phased payments to LPP of $10 million, with an option to extend the
license to Russia for an additional amount. Payments past the
initial year's $600,000 will be conditional on proof of the
scientific feasibility of focus fusion. CMEF is a start-up clean
energy firm, with interests in new technologies, including focus
fusion.
Focus fusion reactors will use a small device called the dense
plasma focus to produce energy by fusing hydrogen and boron. The
energy is released in the form of charged particles, which can be
converted directly into electricity, without using the normal,
expensive process of producing steam and running it through
turbines. LPP has been developing the technology since the 1980's,
partly with funding from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It is
currently engaged in a three-year experiment in collaboration with
the Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission to demonstrate the scientific
feasibility of the process. If these experiments are successful,
another three years will be needed to develop a prototype reactor
ready for manufacture.
[14]From the focus fusion FAQ:
It is like a particle accelerator run in reverse. Such an
electrical transformation can be highly efficient, probably around
80-90%. What is most important is that it is exceedingly cheap and
compact. The whole apparatus of steam turbine and electrical
generator are eliminated. A 20MW focus fusion reactor may cost
around $500,000 and produce electricity for 1/20th of a cent per
kWh. This is a hundred times less than current electric costs. Fuel
costs will be negligible because a 20MW plant will require only
twenty pounds of fuel a year.
[15]From the multi-slide story board of how focus fusion works
1. The plasma sheet, carrying the current, is formed between the anode
and cathode. It moves down the anode due to the interaction of the
current and its magnetic field.
2. The plasma sheet bends inwards to the hole in the anode.
Plasma filaments are formed in counter rotating pairs.
3. The plasma sheet and filaments contract towards the center. The
focus forms.
The filament pairs merge like a zipper. Energy is transferred from the
outside to the central region
4. The plasma sheet and filaments continue contracting into the center
5. A rotating plasma vortex is formed in the center, carrying all the
current
6. In the central vortex the filaments have formed one single rotating
filament.
7. The filament forms a tight plasma helix
8. the helix starts to kink
9. And it becomes unstable and ...
10. ...knots itself up into a rotating plasmoid composed of plasma
filaments.
The plasmoid, only microns across, contains the full energy that was
fed into the device, in the ideal case
11. The magnetic field of the plasmoid causes it to shrink
12. The shrinking plasmoid rotates.
The electron beam that the plasmoid generates heats it up.
13. The temperature becomes high enough for some colliding protons and
boron nuclei to overcome their electric repulsion
14. Protons and boron nuclei fuse and create unstable carbon-12 nuclei
15. The nucleus breaks up to form helium nuclei (alpha particles).
Energy is released as the kinetic energy of the alpha particles
16. The fast alpha particles heat the plasma and the fusion reactions
occur faster and faster
17. An electric field creates a beam of fast ions (nuclei) that carry
most of the fusion energy (shown in blue). An electron beam (shown in
red) goes in the opposite direction
18. The plasmoid is evacuated by the beams
19. The energy in the ion beam is collected by a solenoid.
This direct conversion to electricity is very efficient and economical
[16]Technical background on focus fusion.
Focus Fusion operates using a dense plasma focus (DPF) with
hydrogen-born fuel. The fuel is in the form of decaborane (H14B10),
a solid at room temperature which sublimates a gas when heated to
moderate temperatures of around 100 C. As in any fusion reaction,
when the hydrogen nuclei (protons) and boron-11 nuclei collide at
high enough velocities, a nuclear reaction occurs. In this case,
three helium nuclei (also called alpha particles) are produced,
which stream off in a concentrated beam, confined by powerful
magnetic field produced by the plasma itself.
FURTHER READING
[17]Focus fusion is one of several non-Tokomak approaches to nuclear
fusion
Time to Small Cost to Achieve Large scale chance
Concept Description Scale net energy Net Energy after small success Fun
ded?
Plasma Focus 6 years $18 million 80% Y,
$11.7m
[18]Focus fusion website
[19]Focus fusion US patent application
[20]Working on a funded experiment with Chile 2006-2010
.
Bussard IEC Fusion 3-5 years $200 million 90% Y,
$2m
[21]My intro to Bussard fusion and update on prototype work
.
Tri-alpha Energy aka 8 years $75 million 60% Y,
$50m
Colliding Beam fusion aka
Field Reversed Configuration
[22]My review of the academic research before the funded stealth project
.
General Fusion aka 3-6 years $10-30 million 60% Y,
$2m
Magnetized target fusion
[23]Steam generated shock wave into spinning liquid metal
.
Multi-pole Ion beam
version of Bussard IEC 3-5 years $200 million 90% N
[24]FP generation MIX IEC fusion
.
Koloc Spherical Plasma 10 years $25 million 80% N
(self)
[25]Attempt to create stable ball lightning plasma balls
[26]In 2004, trying to generate 30-40cm plasma spheres
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