[tt] advanced nanotechnology - 4 new articles
Eugen Leitl
<eugen at leitl.org> on
Sat Jan 5 10:16:11 UTC 2008
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Subject: advanced nanotechnology - 4 new articles
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"[2]advanced nanotechnology" - 4 new articles
1. [3]80% efficient solar power from nanoantennas
2. [4]A car modder making 60mpg biodiesel Hummers
3. [5]Implantable biosensors within 5-7 years
4. [6]Apple's operating system share
5. [7]More Recent Articles
6. [8]Search advanced nanotechnology
[9]80% efficient solar power from nanoantennas
[10]From nanowerk, a new approach for solar power, which garnered two
2007 Nano50 awards, uses a special manufacturing process to stamp tiny
square spirals of conducting metal onto a sheet of plastic. Each
interlocking spiral "nanoantenna" is as wide as 1/25 the diameter of a
human hair.
Because of their size, the nanoantennas absorb energy in the
infrared part of the spectrum, just outside the range of what is
visible to the eye. "I think these antennas really have the
potential to replace traditional solar panels," says physicist
Steven Novack, who spoke about the technology in November at the
National Nano Engineering Conference in Boston. So far, they have
demonstrated the imprinting process with six-inch circular stamps,
each holding more than 10 million antennas.
The team estimates individual nanoantennas can absorb close to 80
percent of the available energy. The circuits themselves can be
made of a number of different conducting metals, and the
nanoantennas can be printed on thin, flexible materials like
polyethylene, a plastic that's commonly used in bags and plastic
wrap. In fact, the team first printed antennas on plastic bags used
to deliver the Wall Street Journal, because they had just the right
thickness.
By focusing on readily available materials and rapid manufacturing
from inception, Novack says, the aim is to make nanoantenna arrays
as cheap as inexpensive carpet.
The real trick to making the solar nanoantenna panels is to be able
to predict their properties and perfect their design before
printing them in the factory. While it is relatively easy to work
out the physics of one resonating antenna, complex interactions
start to happen when multiple antennas are combined. When hit with
the right frequency of infrared light, the antennas also produce
high-energy electromagnetic fields that can have unexpected effects
on the materials.
So the researchers are developing a computer model of resonance in
the tiny structures, looking for ways to fine-tune the efficiency
of an entire array by changing factors like materials and antenna
shape. "The ability to model these antennas is what's going to make
us successful, because we can't see these things," Novack says.
"They're hard to manipulate, and small tweaks are going to make big
differences."
"At this point, these antennas are good at capturing energy, but
they're not very good at converting it," says INL engineer Dale
Kotter, "but we have very promising exploratory research under
way." Kotter and Novack are also exploring ways to transform the
high-frequency alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) that
can be stored in batteries. One potential candidate is high-speed
rectifiers, special diodes that would sit at the center of each
spiral antenna and convert the electricity from AC to DC.
They anticipate they are only a few years away from creating the
next generation of solar energy collectors.
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[24]A car modder making 60mpg biodiesel Hummers
[25]Fast Company reports on Johnathan Goodwin. He aims to use the
turbine to turn the Hummer into a tricked-out electric hybrid.
Like most hybrids, it'll have two engines, including an electric
motor. But in this case, the second will be the turbine, Goodwin's
secret ingredient. Whenever the truck's juice runs low, the turbine
will roar into action for a few seconds, powering a generator with
such gusto that it'll recharge a set of "supercapacitor" batteries
in seconds. This means the H3's electric motor will be able to
perform awesome feats of acceleration and power over and over
again, like a Prius on steroids. What's more, the turbine will burn
biodiesel, a renewable fuel with much lower emissions than normal
diesel; a hydrogen-injection system will then cut those low
emissions in half. And when it's time to fill the tank, he'll be
able to just pull up to the back of a diner and dump in its excess
french-fry grease--as he does with his many other Hummers. Oh,
yeah, he adds, the horsepower will double--from 300 to 600.
In the corner of his office sits Arnold Schwarzenegger's 1987 Jeep
Wagoneer, which Goodwin is converting to biodiesel; soon, Neil
Young will be shipping him a 1960 Lincoln Continental to transform
into a biodiesel--electric hybrid.
His target for Young's car? One hundred miles per gallon.
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[39]Implantable biosensors within 5-7 years
[40]By 2014 the Army may issue more than combat gear to deploying
soldiers. University of Connecticut researchers are developing an
implantable chip that would be injected under soldiers' skin to help
monitor vital health information while they are out in the field.
These kinds of devices would [41]help enable real time tracking of
biomarkers for better preventative medicine and to transform medical
research and drug approval
Embedding the sensor is more complex than simply getting a shot in
the wrist, because of the body's immune system reaction. "The
(body's) reaction is inflammation, what you typically see if you
get scab or splinter. Inflammation is the body's reaction to get
rid of foreign matters," said Dianne Burgess, professor of
pharmaceutics at UConn and member of the research team.
To trick the body into not attacking the sensor, researchers have
created a gel coating that contains time-release anti-inflammatory
medication. Burgess said they have created a sensor that would stay
implanted in a person for at least three months.
A prototype of the sensor has been assembled and the university
will use this new grant to work on synchronizing the implantable
nanosensor with the wrist transmitter.
UConn researchers believe a fully functional device is five years
away from human testing. But they are not the only researchers
working in the field.
"The competition is unbelievable," Papadimitrakopoulos said. "But
we believe we are very advanced."
Clemson University in South Carolina is also in the race to develop
an implantable sensor to monitor soldiers' vital signs. In July the
Department of Defense gave the school $1.6 million to develop
similar technology.
UConn scientists are looking at ways to use the technology to help
change the way diabetics monitor their blood sugar and live their
lives.
"Right now (diabetics) prick their fingers five times a day and we
don't have a picture of what happens in between," Burgess said.
This sensor would be "completely revolutionary."
She said the nanosensor could be used by diabetics to help
understand how their bodies respond to eating and exercise and in
turn produce an individualized medication and care plan.
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[55]Apple's operating system share
[56]Apple's Mac OS's share of the overall operating system market hit
8% at the end of 2007
This share is very likely to increase because of faster growth in Mac
sales and because of the shift to laptops where Apple is even stronger
with 17.6%.
[57]Industry analysts predict that notebooks sales will exceed desktop
sales for the first time in 2008. By 2011, IDC expects laptops to
represent 66 percent of corporate purchases, with 71 percent of
consumers opting for a notebook instead of a tower.
[58]According to NPD, Apple's U.S. retail notebook market share for
June 2007 was 17.6 percent, an increase of 2.2 percentage points over
the same period last year when Apple posted a 15.4 percent market
share.
[59]Apple has a 29% share of the premium notebook market
Apple has a choice in strategy to keep prices relatively high and
possibly not hold market share gains or to get slightly more
competitive in price and possibly allow sales of the Mac OS onto say
Dell machines. [60]Dell has indicated that it would sell and install
the Mac OS if it was licensed by Apple.
[61]The Inquirer made the case for licensing to Dell back in Jan 2007
The laptop shift and licensing to Dell could see Apple getting up to
40% operating system market share in 2011.
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More Recent Articles
* [75]Carnival of Space Week 35
* [76]SENS covered in mainstream Economist magazine
* [77]Research and Development in China
* [78]Overrated nuclear weapons and underrated conventional weapons
* [79]Technology Highlights from 2007
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Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org
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