[tt] Next Big Future - Graphene enhanced plastics
Eugen Leitl
<eugen at leitl.org> on
Tue Aug 19 17:05:44 UTC 2008
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Subject: Next Big Future - Graphene enhanced plastics
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1. [3]Graphene enhanced plastics
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[6]Graphene enhanced plastics
Comparison of xGnP (graphene additive) to other nanocomposite
additives.
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[13]Michigan state University is using the recent discovery that
[14]graphene is the strongest material ever and using graphene
additives to make stiffer, stronger and lighter plastics.
The material - xGnP Exfoliated Graphite NanoPlatelets - can an either
be used as an additive to plastics or by itself it can make a
transformational change in the performance of many advanced electronic
and energy devices," Drzal said. "It can do so because it's a
nanoparticle with a unique shape made from environmentally benign
carbon, and it can be made at a very reasonable cost."
The key to the new material's capabilities is a fast and inexpensive
process for separating layers of graphite (graphene) into stacks less
than 10 nanometers in thickness but with lateral dimensions anywhere
from 500 nm to tens of microns, coupled with the ability to tailor the
particle surface chemistry to make it compatible with water, resin or
plastic systems.
xGnP:
* Could be used to make lighter, more fuel-efficient aircraft and car
parts, and stronger wind turbines, medical implants and sports
equipment.
* Is a good electrical conductor attractive for lithium ion batteries
and could be used to make transparent conductive coatings for solar
cells and displays.
* Can make gasoline tanks lightweight and leak tight and plastic
containers that keep food fresh for weeks.
Drzal and his partners (former students Hiroyuki Fukushima, Inhwan Do
and XG Sciences CEO Mike Knox) are already looking ahead to more uses
for the product - like recyclable, economical or lightweight units to
store hydrogen for the next generation of fuel cell-powered autos.
[15]The startup XG Sciences is commercializing the material
[16]xGnP is a platelet consisting of several sheets of graphene with
an overall thickness of approximately 5 nanometers (ranging from 1 nm
to 15nm) and particle diameters that can range from sub-micron to 100+
microns.
Density: ~2.0g/cm 3
Chemical Composition: Graphene
Electrical Resistivity: ~ 50 x 10-6 W* cm
Thermal Conductivity: 3000 W/m K
Tensile Modulus: ~1.0 TPa
Tensile Strength: ~10-20 GPa
Mechanical strength characteristics compared to other carbon materials
Comparing electrical conductance
Thermal properties of different additive materials compared
Oxygen permeability compared
[17]XG Sciences describes the applications
xGnP(TM) can be used to significantly lower costs by replacing
carbon nanotubes in many composite applications where electrical
conductivity or stiffness are required.
xGnP(TM) can also be used to replace nano-clays in applications
where barrier properties or thermal stability are desired, with the
added benefits of electrical conductivity and improved mechanical
properties.
In general, xGnP(TM) has been found to compare favorably with
competitive materials in the following applications:
* Fuel tank and fuel line coatings - the unique shape of xGnP
particles imparts high barrier properties that, when coupled with
its electrical conductivity, make this an ideal additive to Nylon
for fuel tank linings.
* Electronic enclosures - xGnP adds electrical conductivity to
polymers at low densities of 1% to 3%. xGnP can also be used to
provide EMI or RFI shieldingto a variety of polymers.
* Automotive parts - a composite made with xGnP can be painted
electrostatically, thereby saving costs.
* Aerospace - graphite has long been used in aerospace composites.
xGnP can be combined with other additives to reinforce stiffness,
add electrical conductivity, add RFI shielding, etc.
* Appliances - xGnP fortified polymers provide superior thermal and
electrical conductivity, thereby saving the costs of separate heat
dissipation mechanisms.
* Sporting goods - graphite-based composites are stronger and
stiffer and lighter than comparable materials.
* Coatings and paints - xGnP can be dispersed in a wide variety of
materials to add electrical conductivity and surface durability.
* Batteries - xGnP increases the effectiveness of Lithium-ion
batteries when used as a surface coating on anodes or cathodes.
* Fuel cells - both bi-polar plate and electrode efficiencies can
be improved with xGnP.
[18][advancednano?i=DJ4m7o]
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