[tt] Complexity Digest 2008.24 (text version -2)
Eugen Leitl
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Tue Aug 19 12:41:35 UTC 2008
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Subject: Complexity Digest 2008.24 (text version -2)
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Complexity Digest 2008.24 12-June-2008
Archive: [1]http://www.comdig.org, European Mirror: [2]http://www.comdig.de
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"I think the next century will be the century of complexity." Stephen
Hawking, 2000
_________________________________________________________________
PDF files of our annual editions are available at
www.comdig.de/AnnualEditions.html
A letter from Gottfried Mayer to our readers and friends is at
www.comdig.de/GMLetter.html
_________________________________________________________________
01. Anticipating The Future To 'See' The Present, NY Times
01.01. Scientists Decipher The Neurological Basis Of Timely Movement,
ScienceDaily
01.02. The Neuroscience of Dance, Scientific American
01.03. Understanding Individual Human Mobility Patterns, Nature
02. Science & Music: Talk Of The Tone, Nature
03. What Smartphone Makers Can Teach Legislators, Washington Post
03.01. Shedding Computational Light On Human Creativity, Persp. Sc.
04. Unmasking The Indus: - Boring No More, A Trade-Savvy Indus Emerges, Science
04.01. Indus Collapse: The End Or The Beginning Of An Asian Culture?, Science
05. High Impulsivity Predicts the Switch to Compulsive Cocaine-Taking, Science
06. Here's Looking At You, Kid - Software Promises To Identify Blockbuster
Scripts., Nature
06.01. U.S. Science Funding: Encourage Risk, Help Young Researchers, Panel
Advises, Science
06.02. Adapting Websites to Users, Technology Review
07. Origins Of The Brain: Complex Synapses Drove Brain Evolution, PhysOrg.com
07.01. 'Party Chat' Brain Filter Discovered, New Scientist
08. Scientists Build Mind-Reading Computer, Computerworld.com
08.01. Tongue 'Display' Helps You Keep Your Balance, New Scientist
09. Mobile Robotic Arm Taught To Manipulate Objects Such As Scissors And
Shears, Science Daily
09.01. The Flight of Dragonfly Robots, Technology Review
10. Patches With Links: A Unified System For Processing Faces In The Macaque
Temporal Lobe, Science
11. Tracking the Immune System, Technology Review
11.01. Researchers Show How The Brain Can Protect Against Cancer, PhysOrg.com
12. Ecological Modelling: The Mathematical Mirror to Animal Nature, News at Nature
12.01. Kin In Space: Social Viscosity In A Spatially And Genetically
Substructured Network, Proc. Biol. Sc.
12.02. Systems Biology: The Scale Of Prediction, Science
12.03. Predictive Behavior Within Microbial Genetic Networks, Science
13. Biological Switches And Clocks, Interface
13.01. Developmental Biology: Order In The Lung, Nature
14. Thinking Ahead: Bacteria Anticipate Coming Changes In Their Environment,
PhysOrg.com
14.01. Talking To Cells: Sweet Nothings: Artificial Vesicles And Bacterial
Cells Communicate By Way Of Sugar Components, Innovations-report
14.02. Bring In the Noise, Scientific American
14.03. Steering In Quadruplet: The Complex Signaling Pathways Directing
Chemotaxis, Sci. Signal
15. Palaeobiology: The Cambrian Smorgasbord, News at Nature
15.01. Genomics: Protein Fossils Live On As RNA, Nature
16. Water-Starved California Slows Development, NY Times
17. Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins In Diamond, Science
17.01. The Self-Organizing Quantum, Scientific American
18. The Determination Of The Structure Of Saturn's F Ring By Nearby Moonlets,
Nature
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
19.01. Countering Al-Qaeda, The Nation
20. Links & Snippets
20.01. Other Publications
20.02. Webcast Announcements
20.03. Conference Announcements
20.04. Other Announcements
_________________________________________________________________
01. Anticipating The Future To 'See' The Present , NY Times
Excerpts: Changizi et al., 2008
The radiating lines trick the brain into perceiving motion forward, so the
center appears to bulge. (...) the brain's adaptive ability to see into the
near future creates many common illusions. "It takes time for the brain to
process visual information, so it has to anticipate the future to perceive the
present," (...). "One common functional mechanism can explain many of these
seemingly unrelated illusions." (...) One fundamental debate in visual research
is whether the brain uses a bag of ad hoc tricks to build a streaming model of
the world, or a general principle, like filling in disjointed images based on
inference from new evidence and past experience. The answer may be both. But
perceptual illusions provide a keyhole to glimpse the system.
* [4] Anticipating The Future To 'See' The Present, Benedict Carey, 08/06/10,
NYTimes
[4] http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/10/health/research/10mind.html
_________________________________________________________________
01.01. Scientists Decipher The Neurological Basis Of Timely Movement ,
ScienceDaily
Excerpts: Contrary to what one might imagine, the way in which each of us
interacts with the world is not a simple matter of seeing (or touching, or
smelling) and then reacting. Even the best baseball hitter eyeing a fastball
does not swing at what he sees. The neurons and neural connections that make up
our sensory systems are far too slow for this to work. (...) "The brain is
generating its own version of the world, a 'forward model,' which allows you to
know where you actually are in real time. It takes the delays out of the
system," Andersen says. (...)
* [5] Scientists Decipher The Neurological Basis Of Timely Movement,
2008/06/09, ScienceDaily & California Institute of Technology
* Contributed by [6] Atin Das
[5] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080606102607.htm
[6] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
01.02. The Neuroscience of Dance , Scientific American
Excerpts: So natural is our capacity for rhythm that most of us take it for
granted: when we hear music, we tap our feet to the beat or rock and sway,
often unaware that we are even moving. But this instinct is, for all intents
and purposes, an evolutionary novelty among humans. Nothing comparable occurs
in other mammals nor probably elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Our talent for
unconscious entrainment lies at the core of dance, a confluence of movement,
rhythm and gestural representation.
* [7] The Neuroscience of Dance, Steven Brown, Lawrence M. Parsons, 08/07,
Scientific American
[7]
http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CH
AR=5F4F2FE1-3048-8A5E-105D5AF1137F48F3
_________________________________________________________________
01.03. Understanding Individual Human Mobility Patterns , Nature
Excerpts: Here we study the trajectory of 100,000 anonymized mobile phone users
whose position is tracked for a six-month period. We find that, in contrast wit
h
the random trajectories predicted by the prevailing Levy flight and random walk
models, human trajectories show a high degree of temporal and spatial
regularity, each individual being characterized by a time-independent
characteristic travel distance and a significant probability to return to a few
highly frequented locations.
* [8] Understanding Individual Human Mobility Patterns, Marta C. Gonzalez,
Cesar A. Hidalgo, Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, 08/06/05, DOI: 10.1038/nature06958,
Nature 453, 779-782
[8] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7196/full/nature06958.html
_________________________________________________________________
02. Science & Music: Talk Of The Tone , Nature
Excerpts: Music engages much of the brain, and coordinates a wide range of
processing mechanisms. This naturally invites consideration of how music
cognition might relate to other complex cognitive abilities. Language is an
obvious candidate, as, like music, it relies on interpreting complex acoustic
sequences that unfold in time. Whether music and language cognition share basic
ways of making sense of sound has only recently begun to be studied empirically
.
* [9] Science & Music: Talk Of The Tone, Aniruddh D. Patel, 08/06/05, DOI:
10.1038/453726a, Nature 453, 726-727
[9] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7196/full/453726a.html
_________________________________________________________________
03. What Smartphone Makers Can Teach Legislators , Washington Post
Excerpts: Although you rarely hear this from economists and business leaders,
one big reason for the strength of the U.S. economy over the years has been
that we have had a government willing to fix mistakes, respond to crises and
adapt to changing conditions. Or to put it another way: As a country, we had a
public sector that was as smart and quick and innovative in developing economic
policies as our private sector was in developing and embracing technologies lik
e
the smartphone. Unless we recapture that ability to make Washington work again,
it is a pretty good bet that, a generation from now, the next new thing will be
developed somewhere else.
* [10] What Smartphone Makers Can Teach Legislators, Steven Pearlstein,
08/06/11, Washingtonpost.com
[10]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/10/AR2008061003133
.html
_________________________________________________________________
03.01. Shedding Computational Light On Human Creativity , Persp. Sc.
Excerpt: Ever since 1956 when details of the Logic Theorist were published by
Newell and Simon, a large literature has accumulated on computational models
and theories of the creative process, especially in science, invention and
design. But what exactly do these computational models/theories tell us about
the way that humans have actually conducted acts of creation in the past? What
light has computation shed on our understanding of the creative process?
Addressing these questions, we put forth three propositions: (I) Computational
models of the creative process are fundamentally flawed as theories of human
creativity. (...)
* [11] Shedding Computational Light On Human Creativity, S. Dasgupta, Summer
2008, Online 2008/05/04, DOI: 10.1162/posc.2008.16.2.121, Perspectives on
Science
* Contributed by [12] Pritha Das
[11] http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/posc.2008.16.2.121
[12] mailto:prithadas01 at yahoo.com
_________________________________________________________________
04. Unmasking The Indus: - Boring No More, A Trade-Savvy Indus Emerges ,
Science
Excerpts: Long in the shadow of its sister civilizations to the west, the Indus
is emerging as the powerhouse of commerce and technology in the 3rd millennium
B.C.E. But political and economic troubles dog archaeologists' efforts to
understand what made this vast society tick. Egypt has pyramids, temples, and
mummies galore. Ancient Mesopotamians left behind the dramatic saga of
Gilgamesh, receipts detailing their most prosaic economic transactions, and the
occasional spectacular tomb. But the third of the world's three first
civilizations had, well, good plumbing.
* [13] Unmasking The Indus: - Boring No More, A Trade-Savvy Indus Emerges,
Andrew Lawler, 08/06/06, DOI: 10.1126/science.320.5881.1276, Science: Vol. 320.
no. 5881, pp. 1276 - 1281
[13] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5881/1276
_________________________________________________________________
04.01. Indus Collapse: The End Or The Beginning Of An Asian Culture? , Science
Excerpts: While Egypt was in chaos and the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia
collapsed in the 22nd century B.C.E., the marketplaces of Mohenjo Daro in
today's Pakistan were booming. (...) Yet 2 centuries later, the carefully
planned metropolis was abandoned, and the number of settlements on its
outskirts dwindled from 86 to a mere half-dozen. The cultures of Egypt and
Mesopotamia recovered in time, but not so the Indus. Mohenjo Daro and other
great cities were never rebuilt, a set of sophisticated symbols was forgotten,
and vibrant urban life vanished from the Indian subcontinent until much later.
* [14] Indus Collapse: The End Or The Beginning Of An Asian Culture?, Andrew
Lawler, 08/06/06, DOI: 10.1126/science.320.5881.1281, Science : Vol. 320. no.
5881, pp. 1281 - 1283
[14] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5881/1281
_________________________________________________________________
05. High Impulsivity Predicts the Switch to Compulsive Cocaine-Taking , Science
Excerpts: Both impulsivity and novelty-seeking have been suggested to be
behavioral markers of the propensity to take addictive drugs. However, their
relevance for the vulnerability to compulsively seek and take drugs, which is a
hallmark feature of addiction, is unknown. We report here that, whereas high
reactivity to novelty predicts the propensity to initiate cocaine
self-administration, high impulsivity predicts the development of
addiction-like behavior in rats, including persistent or compulsive drug-taking
in the face of aversive outcomes.
* [15] High Impulsivity Predicts the Switch to Compulsive Cocaine-Taking, David
Belin, Adam C. Mar, Jeffrey W. Dalley, Trevor W. Robbins, Barry J. Everitt,
08/06/06, Science : 1352-1355.
[15] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5881/1352
_________________________________________________________________
06. Here's Looking At You, Kid - Software Promises To Identify Blockbuster
Scripts. , Nature
Excerpts: Their algorithm analyses how often and where each word occurs. It
reveals that popular screenplays, such as Casablanca and episodes of the
television series CSI, share characteristic patterns, says Ganz. For instance,
they build tension in waves, by shortening the length of successive scenes in
blocks to create 'mini-cliff-hangers' that are then resolved in a longer
denouement. The length of these blocks and the pacing of the scenes within them
are specific to genre.
* [16] Here's Looking At You, Kid - Software Promises To Identify Blockbuster
Scripts., Zeeya Merali , 08/06/04, DOI: 10.1038/453708a, Nature 453, 708
[16] http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080604/full/453708a.html
_________________________________________________________________
06.01. U.S. Science Funding: Encourage Risk, Help Young Researchers, Panel
Advises , Science
Excerpts: The panel notes that young investigators are struggling as training
times lengthen and competition for grants gets tougher. The statistics are
"scary," Yamamoto says: In 1980, 86% of new faculty members won a grant the
first time they applied for one; now only 18% do. At the same time, they're
getting older: The average Ph.D. gets his or her first real job at age 38 and
first R01-type grant at 42.
* [17] U.S. Science Funding: Encourage Risk, Help Young Researchers, Panel
Advises, Constance Holden, 08/06/06, DOI: 10.1126/science.320.5881.1274b,
Science : Vol. 320. no. 5881, p. 1274
[17] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5881/1274b
_________________________________________________________________
06.02. Adapting Websites to Users , Technology Review
Excerpts: Morphing to fit the user: Based on a user's pattern of clicks,
the prototype website for British Telecom, shown above, changes to fit the user
by making a guess at the user's cognitive style. For example, after determining
whether he or she thinks in holistic or analytic terms, the website adapts to a
form that it deems most likely to sell products to that user.
Credit: Marketing Science/MIT's Sloan School of Management Websites that
change to fit the cognitive style of the user could be more effective at
selling products online. The researchers' initial studies show that morphing a
website to suit different types of visitors could increase the site's sales by
about 20 percent. While quite a few sites, such as Amazon.com, offer
personalized features, many of those sites adapt by drawing information from
user profiles, stored cookies, or long questionnaires. The Sloan system,
however, adapts to unknown users within the first few clicks on the website by
analyzing each user's pattern of clicks.
* [18] Adapting Websites to Users, Erica Naone, 08/06/09, Technology Review
[18] http://www.technologyreview.com/Biztech/20872/
_________________________________________________________________
07. Origins Of The Brain: Complex Synapses Drove Brain Evolution , PhysOrg.com
Excerpts: One of the great scientific challenges is to understand the design
principles and origins of the human brain. New research has shed light on the
evolutionary origins of the brain and how it evolved into the remarkably
complex structure found in humans. The research suggests that it is not size
alone that gives more brain power, but that, during evolution, increasingly
sophisticated molecular processing of nerve impulses allowed development of
animals with more complex behaviours.
* [19] Origins Of The Brain: Complex Synapses Drove Brain Evolution, 08/06/08,
PhysOrg.com
[19] http://physorg.com/news132152252.html
_________________________________________________________________
07.01. 'Party Chat' Brain Filter Discovered , New Scientist
Excerpts: They hooked volunteers up to a [20] Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
imager and played them a sound file containing a large number of randomly
repeating tones across a range of frequencies ( [21] listen to the track, mp3
format). Hidden inside the track was one regularly repeating tone ( [22] listen
to the hidden tone, mp3 format), masked by random beeping ( [23] listen to the
masking sound, mp3 format). Subjects were asked to ignore the random tones and
press a button when they heard the regular tone.
* [24] 'Party Chat' Brain Filter Discovered, Colin Barras, 08/06/10, New
Scientist
[20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoencephalography target=ns
[21] http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060138.sa001 target=ns
[22] http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060138.sa002 target=ns
[23] http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060138.sa003 target=ns
[24]
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14096-party-chat-brain-filter-discovered.
html
_________________________________________________________________
08. Scientists Build Mind-Reading Computer , Computerworld.com
Excerpts: It is hoped the mind-reading machine, which can forecast the activity
patterns a brain will create for a specific word, will offer a better
understanding of how and where the brain stores information and even lead to
improved treatments for language disorders and learning disabilities.
Researchers used nine volunteers to train the computer. They were given 58
words and asked to think about the meaning and properties of the words. Brain
scans taken when the users were thinking about the different words were then
captured using magnetic resonance imaging, which identifies real-time brain
activity.
* [25] Scientists Build Mind-Reading Computer, Carrie-Ann Skinner, 08/06/02,
Computerworld.com
[25] http://www.computerworld.com.au/index.php/id;1172900547;fp;16;fpid;1 Hopes
machine will offer insight into how the brain stores information
_________________________________________________________________
08.01. Tongue 'Display' Helps You Keep Your Balance , New Scientist
Excerpts: An array of electrodes supply the tongue with information from
sensors around the body to help people with balance problems (Image: Yohan
Payan) A device that relays a person's body movements to an array of
electrodes on their tongue could help people with balance problems recover
their poise, or wheelchair users avoid pressure sores. The wireless "tongue
display" being used by French researchers is worn in the mouth like an
orthodontic retainer. A matrix of 36 electrodes on the underside transmits
electrical impulses to the tongue.
* [26] Tongue 'Display' Helps You Keep Your Balance, Tamsin Osborne, 08/06/04,
NewScientist.com
[26]
http://technology.newscientist.com/article/dn14058-tongue-stimulator-can-boost-
ailing-senses.html
_________________________________________________________________
09. Mobile Robotic Arm Taught To Manipulate Objects Such As Scissors And Shears
, Science Daily
Excerpts: Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst are giving
a mobile robotic arm the ability to ¡§see¡¨ its environment through a digital
camera. (Credit: Image courtesy of University of Massachusetts Amherst) So
far, the team has successfully taught their creation, dubbed the UMan, or UMass
Mobile Manipulator, to approach unfamiliar objects, such as scissors, garden
shears and jointed wooden toys - and learn how they work by pushing on them and
observing how they change, the same process used by children as they explore th
e
world. Like a child forming a memory, UMan then stores this knowledge of how
the objects move as a "kinematic model" which can be used to perform specific
tasks, such as opening scissors and shears to a 90 degree angle. Video shot by
the team shows UMan easily completing this task.
* [27] Mobile Robotic Arm Taught To Manipulate Objects Such As Scissors And
Shears, 08/06/04, ScienceDaily
[27] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080603184624.htm
_________________________________________________________________
09.01. The Flight of Dragonfly Robots , Technology Review
Excerpts: Beating wings: Scientists at the University of Ulm used a robotic
dragonfly--about 10 centimeters tall--immersed in liquid to measure air forces
around the dragonfly's flapping wings. The green lines around the motor are
lasers reflecting off of air bubbles, indicating the aerodynamic lift forces
created by the wings.
Credit: Volker Steger Dragonflies are one of few creatures that utilize
four independently controlled wings to fly, allowing them to hover, dart,
glide, move backward, and change directions rapidly. Looking to understand such
abilities, scientists at the Royal Veterinary College, in England, and the
University of Ulm, in Germany, have developed a robotic dragonfly to measure
the current flows over and under the wings at different flap cycles. While most
of the dragonfly hovering scenarios were not efficient, the team found that if
the lower wings are beating slightly ahead of the top wings, (...)
* [28] The Flight of Dragonfly Robots, Kristina Grifantini, 08/06/11,
Technology Review
[28] http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/20886/?a=f
_________________________________________________________________
10. Patches With Links: A Unified System For Processing Faces In The Macaque
Temporal Lobe , Science
Excerpts: The brain processes objects through a series of regions along the
ventral visual pathway, but the circuitry subserving the analysis of specific
complex forms remains unknown. One complex form category, faces, selectively
activates six patches of cortex in the macaque ventral pathway. To identify the
connectivity of these face patches, we used electrical microstimulation combine
d
with simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging. Stimulation of each of
four targeted face patches produced strong activation, specifically within a
subset of the other face patches.
* [29] Patches With Links: A Unified System For Processing Faces In The Macaque
Temporal Lobe, Sebastian Moeller, Winrich A. Freiwald, Doris Y. Tsao,
08/06/06, Science: 1355-1359.
[29] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5881/1355
_________________________________________________________________
11. Tracking the Immune System , Technology Review
Excerpts: Immune reaction: A new PET imaging probe illuminates immune cells
as it attacks infection within a mouse. Green areas indicate the presence of
active immune cells.
Credit: UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center The human immune system
is complex, with multiple cell types stationed all over the body, ready to
launch an attack at the first sign of infection. However, there has been no
clinical tool to measure an immune response as it travels through the body.
Such a tool would be helpful in monitoring immune reactions to diseases such as
cancer. There have been cases in which the immune system successfully fights a
tumor, and others in which it stimulates tumor growth.
* [30] Tracking the Immune System, Jennifer Chu, 08/06/09, Technology Review
[30] http://www.technologyreview.com/Biotech/20876/
_________________________________________________________________
11.01. Researchers Show How The Brain Can Protect Against Cancer , PhysOrg.com
Excerpts: Scientists have been aware for many years that if cancer patients are
not able to deal with the stress associated with being sick, the cancer will
progress faster than in calmer patients. To counteract this phenomenon,
physicians encourage treatments that help cancer patients handle their stress.
Scientists theorized that the stress relief may have come as a result of
increased beta-endorphin peptide (BEP), the "feel good" hormones in the brain
that are released during exercise, a good conversation, and many other aspects
of life that give humans pleasure.
* [31] Researchers Show How The Brain Can Protect Against Cancer, 08/06/09,
PhysOrg.com
[31] http://physorg.com/news132251439.html
_________________________________________________________________
12. Ecological Modelling: The Mathematical Mirror to Animal Nature ,
News at Nature
Excerpts: Food is not, in general, spread equally around the world; it comes in
lumps. Foragers thus need a strategy for finding those lumps. One appealing
option is a Levy flight - a mathematical concept used in physics. (...)
The phenomenon is attracting more and more interest, and it seems to apply to
more than just foraging. Research in this week's Nature shows that it applies
to the movements of mobile-phone users too.
* [32] Ecological Modelling: The Mathematical Mirror to Animal Nature, Mark
Buchanan, 2008/06/04, DOI: 10.1038/453714a, News at Nature
* Contributed by [33] Carlos Gershenson
[32] http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080604/full/453714a.html
[33] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/
_________________________________________________________________
12.01. Kin In Space: Social Viscosity In A Spatially And Genetically
Substructured Network , Proc. Biol. Sc.
Excerpt: Population substructuring is a fundamental aspect of animal societies.
A growing number of theoretical studies recognize that who-meets-whom is not
random, but rather determined by spatial relationships or illustrated by social
networks. Structural properties of large highly dynamic social systems are
notoriously difficult to unravel. Network approaches provide powerful ways to
analyse the intricate relationships between social behaviour, dispersal
strategies and genetic structure. Applying network analytical tools to a colony
of the highly gregarious Galápagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki), we find
several genetic clusters that correspond to spatially determined network
communities? (...)
* [34] Kin In Space: Social Viscosity In A Spatially And Genetically
Substructured Network, J. B.W. Wolf , F. Trillmich, 2008/06/03, DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2008.0356, Proceedings B: Biological Sciences
* Contributed by [35] Atin Das
[34]
http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/bn4616n5x22k5178/?p=f455d4d0bb084cbd9a
adfd06e2e94683&pi=6
[35] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
12.02. Systems Biology: The Scale Of Prediction , Science
Excerpts: A predictive model for a biological system requires capturing the
network of environmental factors that affect system responses. The
predictability of cellular responses is the basis for applications as diverse
as preventive medicine and the reengineering of microbes for biotechnology.
(...) On page 1313 of this issue, Tagkopoulos et al. ( [36] 2) offer
theoretical simulations and experimental validation to show that even simple
microbes can learn temporal interrelationships among changes in environmental
factors, and thus can predict and prepare for future environmental changes, a
behavior attributed to metazoans.
* [37] Systems Biology: The Scale Of Prediction, Nitin S. Baliga, 08/06/06,
Science: 1297-1298.
[36] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5881/1297#ref2
[37] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5881/1297
_________________________________________________________________
12.03. Predictive Behavior Within Microbial Genetic Networks , Science
Excerpts: We show that in silico biochemical networks, evolving randomly under
precisely defined complex habitats, capture the dynamical, multidimensional
structure of diverse environments by forming internal representations that
allow prediction of environmental change. We provide evidence for such
anticipatory behavior by revealing striking correlations of Escherichia coli
transcriptional responses to temperature and oxygen perturbations - precisely
mirroring the covariation of these parameters upon transitions between the
outside world and the mammalian gastrointestinal tract.
* [38] Predictive Behavior Within Microbial Genetic Networks, Ilias
Tagkopoulos, Yir-Chung Liu, Saeed Tavazoie, 08/06/06, DOI:
10.1126/science.1154456, Science 320 (5881), 1313
[38] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;320/5881/1313
_________________________________________________________________
13. Biological Switches And Clocks , Interface
Excerpts: To introduce this special issue on biological switches and clocks, we
review the historical development of mathematical models of bistability and
oscillations in chemical reaction networks. In the 1960s and 1970s, these
models were limited to well-studied biochemical examples, such as glycolytic
oscillations (...). After the molecular genetics revolution of the 1980s, the
field of molecular cell biology was thrown wide open to mathematical modellers.
We review recent advances in modelling the geneprotein interaction networks
that control circadian rhythms, cell cycle progression, signal processing and
the design of synthetic gene networks.
* [39] Biological Switches And Clocks, J. J. Tyson , R. Albert , A. Goldbeter
, P. Ruoff , Jill Sible, 2008/06/03, DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0179.focus,
Interface
* Contributed by [40] Atin Das
[39]
http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/8n2767312l866g22/?p=47056727375946c1bd
046bb1ddb115c1&pi=0
[40] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
13.01. Developmental Biology: Order In The Lung , Nature
Excerpts: Given the lung's thousands of branching airways, its development
might be expected to be a highly complex process. Yet a surprisingly simple
picture now emerges of when, where and in what order these branches form. (...)
The repetitive nature of the branching modules, together with their hierarchica
l
control and the fact that they are coupled, suggests that the genetic
'hard-wiring' for bronchial branching could actually be quite simple. Thus,
determining how the genome encodes the early development of the lung might be
more tractable than previously thought.
* [41] Developmental Biology: Order In The Lung, David Warburton, 08/06/05,
DOI: 10.1038/453733a, Nature 453, 733-735
[41] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7196/full/453733a.html
_________________________________________________________________
14. Thinking Ahead: Bacteria Anticipate Coming Changes In Their Environment ,
PhysOrg.com
Excerpts: A new study by Princeton University researchers shows for the first
time that bacteria don't just react to changes in their surroundings -- they
anticipate and prepare for them.(...) "What we have found is the first evidence
that bacteria can use sensed cues from their environment to infer future
events," (...). The research team, which included biologists and engineers,
used lab experiments to demonstrate this phenomenon in common bacteria. They
also turned to computer simulations to explain how a microbe species' internal
network of genes and proteins could evolve over time to produce such complex
behavior.
* [42] Thinking Ahead: Bacteria Anticipate Coming Changes In Their Environment,
08/06/09, PhysOrg.com
[42] http://physorg.com/news132247855.html
_________________________________________________________________
14.01. Talking To Cells: Sweet Nothings: Artificial Vesicles And Bacterial
Cells Communicate By Way Of Sugar Components , Innovations-report
Excerpts: For an organism to develop and function, the individual cells must
exchange information, or communicate, with each other. Is it possible to learn
their language and talk to?the cells? Yes it is: (...) have been able to
facilitate a conversation between bacterial cells and artificial polymer
vesicles. (...) they report that this first communication occurred by way of
sugar groups on the vesicle surface. The vesicles subsequently transfer
information to the cellsin the form of dye molecules. Complex structures made
of many sugar components on the surfaces of cells are the language?used for
processes such as cell recognition, (...).
* [43] Talking To Cells: Sweet Nothings: Artificial Vesicles And Bacterial
Cells Communicate By Way Of Sugar Components, 2008/06/05, Innovations-report
* Contributed by [44] Atin Das
[43]
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life_sciences/report-111696.html
[44] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
14.02. Bring In the Noise , Scientific American
Excerpts: "Just as identical twins raised in the same home often grow up to be
different, identical cells grown in the same environment frequently exhibit
distinct characteristics. These differences are the result of random
fluctuations in biochemical reactions. Biologists had always thought of such
biochemical blips as liabilities, but recent studies suggest that cells and
bacteria sometimes utilize this randomness to their benefit." "Small systems
such as cells are inherently sensitive to the random effects scientists call
stochasticity - or noise - because they contain only a few active copies of
individual proteins or nucleic acids.
* [45] Bring In the Noise, Melinda Wenner, 08/07, Scientific American
[45]
http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CH
AR=5F338E17-3048-8A5E-10AFB9D67EBB96DD
_________________________________________________________________
14.03. Steering In Quadruplet: The Complex Signaling Pathways Directing
Chemotaxis , Sci. Signal
Excerpts: Studies in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum reveal that
signaling cascades coordinating chemotactic directional sensing and migration
are complex, with redundant pathways emerging as cells differentiate. Lack of
accumulation of the leading-edge marker
phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate can be compensated by a pathway
containing phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in early developed cells and guanylyl
cyclase (GC) in later developed, polarized cells. Because numerous signaling
networks operational during Dictyostelium chemotaxis are conserved in mammalian
cells, PLA2 and GC pathways may also be effective in higher eukaryotes,
providing avenues for future research.
* [46] Steering In Quadruplet: The Complex Signaling Pathways Directing
Chemotaxis, Erin C. Rericha, Carole A. Parent, 08/06/03, DOI:
10.1126/scisignal.122pe26, Sci. Signal Vol. 1, Issue 22, p. pe26
[46] http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1/22/pe26
_________________________________________________________________
15. Palaeobiology: The Cambrian Smorgasbord , News at Nature
Excerpt: Ecosystems on other planets would be a great help in sorting out the
necessary from the contingent, but remain stubbornly undiscovered. Mimicry in
the lab can't capture the necessary subtlety. Food webs from the fossil record
might thus be the closest to something completely different that contemporary
researchers can ever hope to get their hands on.
* [47] Palaeobiology: The Cambrian Smorgasbord, Arran Frood, 2008/06/04, DOI:
10.1038/453717a, News at Nature
* Contributed by [48] Carlos Gershenson
[47] http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080604/full/453717a.html
[48] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/
_________________________________________________________________
15.01. Genomics: Protein Fossils Live On As RNA , Nature
Excerpts: Pseudogenes constitute many of the non-coding DNA sequences that make
up large parts of genomes. Once considered merely protein fossils, it now
emerges that some of them have active regulatory roles. A central challenge in
genome annotation is determining the function of sequences that do not encode
proteins, but make up the overwhelming bulk of large genomes - some 99% in
humans. A significant fraction of these sequences are pseudogenes, or fossils
of ancient proteins, and although many of them are transcribed into RNA, they
have hitherto been deemed 'junk'. However, given the abundance of pseudogenes,
it is unlikely that they are useless.
* [49] Genomics: Protein Fossils Live On As RNA, Rajkumar Sasidharan, Mark
Gerstein, 08/06/05, DOI: 10.1038/453729a, Nature 453, 729-731
[49] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7196/full/453729a.html
_________________________________________________________________
16. Water-Starved California Slows Development , NY Times
Excerpts: Monica Almeida/The New York Times
The Quail Ranch Golf Course is planned to be part of the Quail Ranch housing
development. As California faces one of its worst droughts in two decades,
building projects are being curtailed for the first time under state law by the
inability of developers to find long-term water supplies. Water authorities an
d
other government agencies scattered throughout the state, including here in
sprawling Riverside County, east of Los Angeles, have begun denying, delaying
or challenging authorization for dozens of housing tracts and other
developments under a state law that requires a 20-year water supply as a
condition for building.
* [50] Water-Starved California Slows Development, Jennifer Steinhauer,
08/06/07, NYTimes
[50] http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/07/us/07drought.html?th&emc=th
_________________________________________________________________
17. Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins In Diamond , Science
Excerpts: Robust entanglement at room temperature is a necessary requirement
for practical applications in quantum technology. We demonstrate the creation
of bipartite- and tripartite-entangled quantum states in a small quantum
register consisting of individual 13C nuclei in a diamond lattice. Individual
nuclear spins are controlled via their hyperfine coupling to a single electron
at a nitrogen-vacancy defect center. Quantum correlations are of high quality
and persist on a millisecond time scale even at room temperature, which is
adequate for sophisticated quantum operations.
* [51] Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins In Diamond, P. Neumann, N.
Mizuochi, F. Rempp, P. Hemmer, H. Watanabe, S. Yamasaki, V. Jacques, T.
Gaebel, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup, 08/06/06, Science: 1326-1329.
[51] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5881/1326
_________________________________________________________________
17.01. The Self-Organizing Quantum , Scientific American
Excerpts: How did space and time come about? How did they form the smooth
four-dimensional emptiness that serves as a backdrop for our physical world?
What do they look like at the very tiniest distances? Questions such as these
lie at the outer boundary of modern science and are driving the search for a
theory of quantum gravity - the long-sought unification of Einstein's general
theory of relativity with quantum theory. Relativity theory describes how
spacetime on large scales can take on countless different shapes, producing
what we perceive as the force of gravity.
* [52] The Self-Organizing Quantum, Jan Ambjorn, Jerzy Jurkiewicz,, Renate
Loll, 08/07, Scientific American
[52]
http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CH
AR=5F44BC96-3048-8A5E-10BE0D28AD3ED0E4
_________________________________________________________________
18. The Determination Of The Structure Of Saturn's F Ring By Nearby Moonlets ,
Nature
Excerpts: Saturn's narrow F ring exhibits several unusual features that vary on
timescales of hours to years. These include transient clumps, a central core
surrounded by a multistranded structure and a regular series of longitudinal
channels associated with Prometheus, one of the ring's two 'shepherding'
satellites. Several smaller moonlets and clumps have been detected in the
ring's immediate vicinity, and a population of embedded objects has been
inferred. Here we report direct evidence of moonlets embedded in the ring's
bright core, and show that most of the F ring's morphology results from the
continual gravitational and collisional effects of small satellites, often
combined with the perturbing effect of Prometheus.
* [53] The Determination Of The Structure Of Saturn's F Ring By Nearby
Moonlets, Carl D. Murray, Kevin Beurle, Nicholas J. Cooper, Michael W.
Evans, Gareth A. Williams, Sebastien Charnoz, 08/06/05, DOI:
10.1038/nature06999, Nature 453, 739-744
[53] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7196/full/nature06999.html
_________________________________________________________________
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
_________________________________________________________________
19.01. Countering Al-Qaeda , The Nation
Excerpts: The Global War against Terrorism (GWOT) doesn't appear to be making
major headway for a number of reasons. Firstly, global terrorism as a
phenomenon needs to be understood in its correct perspective, secondly the
difference between Al-Qaeda and Taliban needs to be comprehended, thirdly, the
GWOT allies need to pull their act together to counter the menace. First to
discern between the Taliban and Al-Qaeda: The Taliban only operates in
Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan, whereas Al-Qaeda functions globally.
* [54] Countering Al-Qaeda, S.M. Hali, 08/06/11, The Nation, Pakistan
[54]
http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Opinions/
Columns/11-Jun-2008/Countering-AlQaeda
_________________________________________________________________
20. Links & Snippets
_________________________________________________________________
20.01. Other Publications
- Ten Simple Rules for Aspiring Scientists in a Low-Income Country, 2008/05/30,
PLoS Comput Biol 4(5): e1000024, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000024
- Pruning the Tree of Life: k-core Percolation as Selection Mechanism,
2008/06/05, arXiv, DOI: 0806.0979
- Hands On Learning For The Visually Impaired, 2008/06/06, Innovations-report
- Boffins Turn Exhaust Fumes Into Power: Two-Thirds Of Fuel Burnt Up As Heat,
2008/06/04, vnunet.com
- Weather, Stomach Bugs And Climate Change: Refining The Model, 2008/06/06,
Innovations-report
- Early Bird Or Night Owl? Novel Technique Used At Cheltenham Science Festival
To Measure Activity Of Circadian Rhythm Genes, 2008/06/06, Innovations-report
- Review. Genetic Exchange And The Origin Of Adaptations: Prokaryotes To
Primates, 2008/06/03, Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2008.0021
- Prototype Of Machine That Copies Itself Goes On Show, 2008/06/06,
ScienceDaily & University of Bath
- Brain's Gray Cells Appear To Be Changed By Trauma Of Major Events Like 9/11
Attack, Study Suggests, 2008/06/04, ScienceDaily & Cornell University
- Memory In Honeybees: What The Right And Left Antenna Tell The Left And Right
Brain, 2008/06/05, ScienceDaily & Public Library of Science
- The Pleasures And Perils Of Darwinizing Culture (With Phylogenies), Fall
2007, Online 2008/05/22, Biological Theory, DOI: 10.1162/biot.2007.2.4.360
- Mobile Democracy: Mobile Phones As Democratic Tools, May 2008, online
2008/04/24, Politics, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9256.2008.00316.x
- New Opportunities, Same Constraints: Environmental Protection And China's New
Development Path, May 2008, online 2008/04/24, Politics, DOI:
10.1111/j.1467-9256.2008.00316.x
- How Much Radiation Does Your Phone Emit?, 08/06/12, NYTimes. Tara
Parker-Pope, A Web site ranks radiation emitted by virtually every brand and
model of cell phone.
- Silicon Chip Filters Out Cancer Cells, 08/06/07, New Scientist, Unusual or
rare cells, such as those that cause the spread of cancer, are difficult to
isolate from thousands of other cells in a sample.
_________________________________________________________________
20.02. Webcast Announcements
7th Intl Conf on Complex Systems (ICCS), Boston, MA, 07/10/28-11/02
[55]
Reseau Nationale des Systemes Complexes , (in French), 2007
[56] World Economic Forum , Davos, Switzerland, 08/01/22-27
TED Talks, TED Conferences LLC , since 2006
Talking Robots: The PodCast on Robotics and AI, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de
Lausanne, Switzerland, 06/11/03
Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Governments, and the Media 2006,
Budapest, Hungary, 06/08/03-05
6th Intl Conf on Complex Systems (ICCS), Boston, MA, 06/06/25-30
Artificial Life X,
10th Intl Conf on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, Bloomington,
IN, USA. 2006/06/03-07
6th Understanding Complex Systems Symposium, Urbana-Champaign, Il, 06/05/15-18
Ralph Abraham on Complexity Digest, , Calcutta, India, 05/12/27
[57] An Afternoon with Michael Crichton, Washington, 05/11/06
[58]
Illuminating the Shadow of the Future, Ann Arbor, Mi 05/09/23-25
[59]
Open Network of Centres of Excellence in Complex Systems - Brainstorming
Meeting, Paris, France 05/09/19-23
[60]
Complexity, Science & Society Conference 2005, U. Liverpool, UK 2005/09/11-14
[61]
ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life,
Canterbury, Kent, UK 2005/09/5-9
[62]
T. Irene Sanders, Executive Director and Founder, [63] The Washington Center
for Complexity & Public Policy, 05/08/27, QuickTime video (10:38 min), [64]
Podcast
[65] North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity
2005 Conference, Virtual Conference Network, St. Pete's Beach, Florida,
05/06/09-11
[66] Understanding Complex Systems - Computational Complexity and
Bioinformatics, Virtual Conference Network, Urbana-Champaign, Il, UIUC,
05/05/16-19
[67] Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity, with a celebration of the
65th birthday of Gregoire Nicolis. , Complexity Session, Universite' Libre de
Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 05/03/16
[68]
1st European Conference on Complex Systems, Torino, Italy, 04/12/5-7
>From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela
(1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20
Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium,
04/05/26-28
International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21
Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H.,
Internet-First University Press, 1994
CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events
Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998
Edge Videos
[55] http://webcast.in2p3.fr/RNSC/ target=new
[56]
http://gaia.world-television.com/wef/worldeconomicforum_annualmeeting2008/Targe
t=new
[57] http://www.complexsys.org/news.htm target=new
[58] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05ISF/index.html target=new
[59] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ONCECS05/ target=new
[60] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/CSS05/ target=new
[61] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ECAL2005/ target=new
[62] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Sanders0508/Sanders0508.mov target=new
[63] http://www.complexsys.org/ target=new
[64] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Sanders0508/Sanders.mp3
[65] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05NASPSA/ target=new
[66] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05UCS/ target=new
[67] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Nicolis05/Target=new
[68] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ECCS04/Target=new
_________________________________________________________________
20.03. Conference Announcements
[69] International Conference on Chaos, Complexity & Conflict, Omaha, NE,
08/06/05-07
[70]
4th Organization Studies Summer Workshop: Embracing Complexity: Advancing
Ecological Understanding in Organization Studies? Pissouri, Cyprus,
08/06/05-07
Cambridge Healthtech Institute's Tenth Annual... Applying Systems Biology, San
Francisco, CA, 08/06/09-11
AUTOMATA 2008, EPSRC Workshop Cellular Automata Theory and Applications,
Bristol, UK, 08/06/12-14
Intl Summer School on
"Modelling and Optimization in Micro- and Nano- Electronics" - MOMINE 2008,
Ragusa, Sicily, Italy, 08/06/14-28
NECSI Summer School, Cambridge, MA, 08/06/16-07/04,
[71]
9th Intl Mathematica Symposium, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 08/06/20-24
[72]
The 14th Intl Conf on Auditory Display (ICAD), Paris, France, 08/06/24-27
8th Intl Conf of Sociocybernetics - Complex Social Systems, Interdisciplinarity
And World Futures, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, 08/06/24-28
"Is complexity the new framework for management and public policy in the 21st
century?"
Complexity Society Workshop, Manchester, UK, 08/06/26
The 3rd Intl Symp on Knowledge Communication and Peer Reviewing: KCPR 2008,
Orlando, Florida, USA, 08/06/29-07/02
The 3rd Intl Symp on Knowledge Communication and Conferences: KCC 2008,
Orlando, Florida, USA, 08/06/29-07/02
[73]
7th Intl Summer School and Conf "Let's Face Chaos through Nonlinear Dynamics",
Maribor, Slovenia, 08/06/29-07/13
The 12th World Multi-Conf on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI
2008, Orlando, Florida, USA, 08/06/29-07/02
>From Animals To Animats 10 - The 10th Intl Conf on the Simulation Of Adaptive
Behavior (SAB'08), Osaka, Japan, 08/07/07-12
[74]
Complex Systems and Social Simulations, CEU Summer University, Budapest,
Hungary, 08/07/07-18
2008 Gordon Research Conf on Oscillations & Dynamic Instabilities
in Chemical Systems, Waterville, ME, 08/07/13-18
Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics Models, Udine, Italy, 08/07/14-18
[75]
1st Intl Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization
(INDS?8), Klagenfurt, Austria, 08/07/18-19
[76]
Scratch at MIT,Cambridge, MA, 08/07/24-26
[77]
8th Intl Conf on Epigenetic Robotics:
Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic Systems, Brighton, UK,
08/07/31-08/02
On the Edge: Healthcare in the Age of Complexity,
Kansas City, MO, 08/08/03-05
Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences
18th Annl Intl Conf, Richmond, Virginia, USA, 08/08/08-10
Stochastic Resonance 2008, Perugia, Italy, 08/08/17-21
4th Intl Conf on Natural Computation (ICNC'08) - 5th Intl Conf on Fuzzy Systems
and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'08),
Jinan, China, 08/08/25-27
Intl Conf DEscribing COmplex Systems (DECOS), Zadar,
Croatia, 08/09/03-07
BICS Conference - Emergence in Complex Systems,
Bath, UK, 08/09/09-11
5th European
Conference on Complex Systems, Jerusalem, Israel, 08/09/14-19
EPOS 2008, III Edition of Epistemological Perspectives on Simulation, Lisbon,
Portugal, 08/10/02-03
International Congress on Complex Thought, Hermosillo , Sonora , Mexico,
08/10/21-24
2nd Intl Congress of Complex Systems in Sport (2nd ICCSS) and 10th European
Workshop of Ecological Psychology. (10th EWEP), Funchal, in Madeira Island,
Portugal, 08/11/05-08
2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on
Web Intelligence (WI-08), Sydney, Australia, 08/12/09-12
COMPLEX'2009, First Intl Conf on Complex Systems: Theory and Applications,
Shanghai, China, 09/02/23-25
[69] http://law.creighton.edu/wernerInstitute/complexityconference/ TARGET=new
[70] http://www.egosnet.org/journal/os_summer_workshop_2008.shtml TARGET=new
[71] http://www.ims08.org/ TARGET=new
[72] http://http://icad08.ircam.fr TARGET=new
[73] http://www.camtp.uni-mb.si/chaos/2008/ TARGET=new
[74] http://www.sun.ceu.hu/complex-systems/ TARGET=new
[75] http://inds08.uni-klu.ac.at/ TARGET=new
[76] http://scratch.mit.edu/conference/ TARGET=new
[77] http://www.epigenetic-robotics.org TARGET=new
_________________________________________________________________
20.04. Other Announcements
A short notice from Dean LeBaron
Dear ComDig Readers,
Our editor, Dr. Gottfried Mayer, is affectionately esteemed by many of you --
as readers, you know he devotes himself unselfishly to widening our knowledge
of complexity science. He was recently diagnosed with advanced colon cancer and
given a timetable of a very few years. Knowing Gottfried, you can imagine that,
in addition to the customary processes of chemotherapy, he would explore other
frontier therapies, especially those arising out of interdisciplinary
applications of complexity. These are expensive ... if he can find them.
Many of you have sent your good wishes and indicated your desire to assist.
With Gottfrieds permission, I am posting this note with information, below,
about how to send contributions to him. Please indicate the source since
Gottfried will want to express his warm gratitude.
I know that Gottfried, the good scientist that he is, will explain from time to
time what he is doing and what the results are ... and we will follow his
progress with great interest and hope.
Dean LeBaron
Publisher, Complexity Digest
Bank Information:
If your contribution is made by check:
Please mail the check, payable to Gottfried Mayer? to:
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If your contribution is made by wire:
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Ref. Gottfried Mayer
_________________________________________________________________
[78]Complexity Digest is an independent publication available to
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