[tt] Complexity Digest 2007.37 (text version -2)

Fri Sep 28 13:54:43 UTC 2007

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Complexity Digest 2007.37 27-Sept-2007

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"I think the next century will be the century of complexity." Stephen
Hawking, 2000
_________________________________________________________________
PDF files of our annual editions are available at
www.comdig.de/AnnualEditions.html

A letter from Gottfried Mayer to our readers and friends is at
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_________________________________________________________________

01. A Global Game Explodes: Currencies, Wall Street Journal
01.01. SFR Talk: Science Guy, Santa Fe Reporter
02. Adaptive Coevolutionary Networks -- A Review, arXiv
02.01. Complexity, Collective Effects and Modelling of Ecosystems: Formation,
Function and Stability, arXiv
03. Why a Person Doesn't Evolve in One Lifetime, News at Nature
04. Paleoanthropology: A New Body Of Evidence Fleshes Out Homo Erectus, Science
04.01. Walking Small: Humanlike legs took Homo out of Africa, Science News
04.02. Archaeology: Easter Island Revisited, Science
05. Why Are Some Groups Of Animals So Diverse?, Innovations-report
06. Biotechs Go Generic: The Same But Different, Nature
07. Developmental Biology: Home For The Precious Few, Science
07.01. Structural Biology: Unexpected Opening, Nature
08. New Understanding Of Basic Units Of Memory, ScienceDaily
09. The Science Of Collective Decision-making, ScienceDaily
09.01. The Political Ecology Of Violence In Eastern Sri Lanka, Dev. & Change
10. Linguistics: Read My Slips: Speech Errors Show How Language Is Processed,
Science
10.01. The Double Thinker, NY Times
11. Work on Paralysis Shows Just How Hard It Is to Read Minds, Wall Street
Journal
11.01. Acupuncture 'Best For Back Pain', BBC News
12. To Evade Chemotherapy, Some Cancer Cells Mimic Stem Cells,
Innovations-report
13. Noise, Nonlinearity And Seasonality: The Epidemics Of Whooping Cough
Revisited, Interface
14. An Oracle for Our Time, Part Man, Part Machine, NY Times
15. 'Self-Aware' Space Rovers Would Be Speedy Explorers, New Scientist
16. Computing: The Wireless Epidemic, Nature
17. Toward Next-generation Integrated Circuits Made From Carbon Nanotubes,
Science Daily
17.01. It's All In The Spin: Quantum Physics Cools Down Computers, PhysOrg.com
18. Condensed-Matter Physics: Relaxation After A Tight Squeeze, Nature
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks 
19.01. Invisible, Invincible, Hindustan Times
19.02. Air Force Leaders Discuss Need To Control Cyberspace, Air Force Link
20. Links & Snippets 
20.01. Other Publications 
20.02. Webcast Announcements 
20.03. Conference Announcements 
20.04. Other Announcements 

_________________________________________________________________

01. A Global Game Explodes: Currencies , Wall Street Journal

Excerpts: As subprime mortgage problems in the U.S. fanned out in recent months
to hedge funds and banks thousands of miles away, investors got a stark view of
the vast interconnectedness of the global financial system. Now, a report by
the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, adds some hard
numbers to that picture. Global markets are exploding in size, scope and
complexity. (...) In April, daily turnover in currency markets rose to $3.2
trillion, the bank said yesterday.

* [4] A Global Game Explodes: Currencies, Joanna Slater, 07/09/26, Wall Street
Journal

[4] http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB119072659288438649.html

_________________________________________________________________

01.01. SFR Talk: Science Guy , Santa Fe Reporter

Excerpts:         Geoffrey West is the president of and a distinguished
professor at the Santa Fe Institute, a scientific think tank. In 2006, West was
named one of TIME magazine's 100 most influential people in the world. (...)
What are the 'big questions'? Questions about complex systems, like the
environment and global warming. Questions about financial markets: Is there any
underlying understanding about how financial markets work? How can we understan
d
the dynamics of cities? All these kinds of questions require a kind of
multidisciplinary kind of thinking. Twenty years ago, when the Institute was
started, that idea was pooh-poohed; now terms like 'complexity' have become the
buzzwords within the scientific community.

* [5] SFR Talk: Science Guy, Patricia Sauthoff, 07/09/26, Santa Fe Reporter

[5] http://sfreporter.com/articles/publish/sfr-talk-092607-geoffrey-west.php

_________________________________________________________________

02. Adaptive Coevolutionary Networks -- A Review , arXiv

Abstract: Adaptive networks appear in many biological applications. They
combine topological evolution of the network with dynamics in the network
nodes. Recently, the dynamics of adaptive networks has been investigated in a
number of parallel studies from different fields, ranging from genomics to game
theory. Here we review these recent developments and show that they can be
viewed from a unique angle. We demonstrate that all these studies are
characterized by common themes, most prominently: complex dynamics and robust
topological self-organization based on simple local rules.

* [6] Adaptive Coevolutionary Networks -- A Review, Thilo Gross and Bernd
Blasius, 2007/09/12, DOI: 0709.1858, arXiv
* Contributed by [7] Carlos Gershenson

[6] http://uk.arXiv.org/abs/0709.1858
[7] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/

_________________________________________________________________

02.01. Complexity, Collective Effects and Modelling of Ecosystems: Formation,
Function and Stability , arXiv

Abstract: We discuss the relevance of studying ecology within the framework of
Complexity Science from a statistical mechanics approach. Ecology is concerned
with understanding how systems level properties emerge out of the multitude of
interactions amongst large numbers of components, leading to ecosystems that
possess the prototypical characteristics of complex systems. We argue that
statistical mechanics is at present the best methodology available to obtain a
quantitative description of complex systems, and that ecology is in urgent need
of ``integrative'' approaches that are quantitative and non-stationary. We
describe examples where combining statistical mechanics and ecology has led to
improved ecological modelling and, at the same time, broadened the scope of
statistical mechanics.

* [8] Complexity, Collective Effects and Modelling of Ecosystems: Formation,
Function and Stability, Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen and Elsa Arcaute, 2007/09/13,
DOI: 0709.2015, arXiv
* Contributed by [9] Carlos Gershenson

[8] http://uk.arXiv.org/abs/0709.2015
[9] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/

_________________________________________________________________

03. Why a Person Doesn't Evolve in One Lifetime , News at Nature

Excerpt: It's not easy making a human. Getting from a fertilized egg to a
full-grown adult involves a near-miracle of orchestration, with replicating
cells acquiring specialized functions in just the right places at the right
times. So you'd think that, having done the job once, our bodies would replace
cells when required by the simplest means possible.

Oddly, they don't. Our tissues don't renew themselves by mere copying, with old
skin cells dividing into new skin cells and so forth. Instead, they keep
repeating the laborious process of starting each cell from scratch. Now
scientists think they know why: it could be nature's way of making sure that we
don't evolve as we grow older.

* [10] Why a Person Doesn't Evolve in One Lifetime, Philip Ball, 2007/09/21,
DOI: 10.1038/news070917-11, News at Nature
* Contributed by [11] Carlos Gershenson

[10] http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070917/pf/070917-11_pf.html
[11] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/

_________________________________________________________________

04. Paleoanthropology: A New Body Of Evidence Fleshes Out Homo Erectus ,
Science

Excerpts: The long-legged human ancestor Homo erectus is known for breaking
records: It has been seen as the first globetrotter, the first inventor of
stone hand axes, and the first human to dramatically expand its brain and to
reach the height of people today. But such views of the body of H. erectus rely
heavily on a single partial skeleton of a strapping youth from Nariokotome,
Kenya. Now the discovery of incredibly rare trunk and limb bones of early H.
erectus shows that the species wasn't always so tall and brainy--and, according
to some interpretations, suggests that it may have emerged in Asia, not Africa.

* [12] Paleoanthropology: A New Body Of Evidence Fleshes Out Homo Erectus, Ann
Gibbons, 07/09/21, Science: 1664.

[12] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5845/1664

_________________________________________________________________

04.01. Walking Small: Humanlike legs took Homo out of Africa , Science News

Excerpts:     LEG UP. Researchers uncovered this leg bone and other fossils
from a Homo species that inhabited central Asia's Dmanisi site 1.77 million
years ago. Georgian National Museum     The earliest known human ancestors that
trekked from Africa into Asia possessed legs, feet, and spines much like ours,
even as they sported relatively apelike arms and small brains, according to an
analysis of 1.77-million-year-old fossils unearthed in the central Asian nation
of Georgia. A team led by David Lordkipanidze of the Georgian National Museum i
n
Tbilisi recovered 33 lower-body bones from at least three adults and one
teenager at a site called Dmanisi.

* [13] Walking Small: Humanlike legs took Homo out of Africa, Bruce Bower,
07/09/22, ScienceNews

[13] http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20070922/fob1.asp

_________________________________________________________________

04.02. Archaeology: Easter Island Revisited , Science

Excerpts: Much remains to understand about Easter. Here are my six favorite
unsolved questions. First, was Easter's mysterious rongorongo writing invented
after or before the arrival of Europeans? If the latter were true, Easter would
have been by far the world's smallest society to invent writing independently.
Orliac's recent 14C-dating of one surviving rongorongo object is a tantalizing
first step toward an answer. Second, did Easter Islanders live in isolation
from other humans from the time of colonization until European arrival, or did
further Polynesian settlers arrive? For instance, was the sweet potato brought
by the first settlers, or only later?

* [14] Archaeology: Easter Island Revisited, Jared Diamond, 07/09/21, Science :
1692-1694.

[14] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5845/1692

_________________________________________________________________

05. Why Are Some Groups Of Animals So Diverse? , Innovations-report

Excerpt: A new study of finger-sized Australian lizards sheds light on one of
the most striking yet largely unexplained patterns in nature: why is it that
some groups of animals have evolved into hundreds, even thousands of species,
while other groups include only a few? The study takes a look at Australia's
most diverse group of vertebrates-more than 252 species of lizards called
skinks. Researchers at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology have found evidence that
the "drying up" of Australia over the past 20 million years triggered this
explosive diversification. (...)

* [15] Why Are Some Groups Of Animals So Diverse? Cornell Researchers Take A
Look At Australia's Most Diverse Vertebrates: Skinks, 2007/09/21,
Innovations-report
* Contributed by [16] Atin Das

[15] http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/studies/report-91461.html
[16] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

06. Biotechs Go Generic: The Same But Different , Nature

Excerpts: As several lucrative protein-based drugs are poised to go off patent,
makers of biopharmaceuticals argue that their products are too complex to be
reproduced as generics. Heidi Ledford investigates how close 'biosimilar' drugs
can get to the original.

* [17] Biotechs Go Generic: The Same But Different, Heidi Ledford, 07/09/20,
DOI: 10.1038/449274a, Nature 449, 274-276

[17] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7160/full/449274a.html

_________________________________________________________________

07. Developmental Biology: Home For The Precious Few , Science

Excerpts: It was initially surmised that testis stem cells must exist because
men make sperm for decades. Then, in rodent models, it was observed that
spermatogenesis would naturally be reestablished after a severe toxic insult.
Spermatogonial stem cells were eventually identified when a preparation of
cells from a donor mouse testis was shown to repopulate spermatogenesis when
transplanted into the testis of a sterile recipient animal (8). As with any
tissue maintained by stem cells, only a small fraction of testis cells are
spermatogonial stem cells. But where is home for these precious, few cells?

* [18] Developmental Biology: Home For The Precious Few, Steve DiNardo , 
Robert E. Braun, 07/09/21, Science : 1696-1697.

[18] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5845/1696

_________________________________________________________________

07.01. Structural Biology: Unexpected Opening , Nature

Excerpts: Cell membranes contain channels that open to allow ions into cells.
The structure of a sodium ion channel helps explain how it opens in response to
protons, and settles a long-standing debate about its composition. What do
humans have in common with worms, flies, hydra and sea urchins? One answer is
that they all have proteins known as degenerins1 that form pores in cell
membranes for the passage of sodium ions.

* [19] Structural Biology: Unexpected Opening, Cecilia M. Canessa, 07/09/20,
DOI: 10.1038/449293a, Nature 449, 293-294

[19] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7160/full/449293a.html

_________________________________________________________________

08. New Understanding Of Basic Units Of Memory , ScienceDaily

Excerpts: A molecular "recycling plant" permits nerve cells in the brain to
carry out two seemingly contradictory functions -- changeable enough to record
new experiences, yet permanent enough to maintain these memories over time. The
discovery of this molecular recycling plant, detailed in a study (...) provides
new insights into how the basic units of learning and memory function.
Individual memories are "burned onto" hundreds of receptors that are constantly
in motion around nerve synapses -- gaps between individual nerve cells crucial
for signals to travel throughout the brain. (...)

* [20] New Understanding Of Basic Units Of Memory, 2007/09/24, ScienceDaily &
Duke University Medical Center
* Contributed by [21] Atin Das

[20] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070919123138.htm
[21] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

09. The Science Of Collective Decision-making , ScienceDaily

Excerpts: Why do some juries take weeks to reach a verdict, while others take
just hours? How do judges pick the perfect beauty queen from a sea of very
similar candidates? We have all wondered exactly why we did not win a certain
award. Now, new psychological research explains how groups come to a collective
decision. (...) conducted the first empirical investigation of the "doctrinal
paradox." This occurs when judges, say a hiring committee or a jury, must
evaluate several factors about a candidate, (e.g. a possible employee or a
defendant in a trial) and come to a majority decision. (...)

* [22] The Science Of Collective Decision-making, 2007/09/21, ScienceDaily &
Association for Psychological Science
* Contributed by [23] Atin Das

[22] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070920160230.htm
[23] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

09.01. The Political Ecology Of Violence In Eastern Sri Lanka , Dev. & Change

Excerpt: In political ecology, violence is usually associated with conflicts
over the control of natural resources. Up to now, political ecology has lacked
a sound conceptual approach for analysing how violence that has its origin in
political conflict induces environmental and social change. This article
examines how the environment serves as an arena for exerting power, by using
different forms of violence, affecting both ecosystems and the entitlements of
the people who are dependent on natural resources. After a brief description of
the role of violence in political ecology research, a conceptual framework for 
a
political ecology of violence is laid out. (...)

* [24] The Political Ecology Of Violence In Eastern Sri Lanka, H.-G. Bohle , 
H. Fünfgeld, Jul. 2007, online 2007/07/25, DOI:
10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00428.x, Development and Change
* Contributed by [25] Pritha Das

[24] http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00428.x
[25] mailto:prithadas01 at yahoo.com

_________________________________________________________________

10. Linguistics: Read My Slips: Speech Errors Show How Language Is Processed ,
Science

Excerpts: Researchers are analyzing spoonerisms and other slips of the tongue
to help understand how humans--and even apes--can comprehend and use language.
(...) But the field got a boost in the 1970s when researchers created ways to
elicit many (but not all) types of speech errors in the lab. One method
involved giving people word pairs like "duck bill," "dart board," and "dust
bin," then asking them to say "barn door." About 10% of the time, subjects said
"darn bore."

* [26] Linguistics: Read My Slips: Speech Errors Show How Language Is
Processed, Michael Erard, 07/09/21, Science : 1674-1676.

[26] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5845/1674

_________________________________________________________________

10.01. The Double Thinker , NY Times

Excerpts: Then there's the clash between ancient and modern science. Aristotle
thought projectiles continued through space because a force propelled them. He
thought they eventually fell because Earth was their natural home. Modern
science rejects both ideas. Pinker says Aristotle was right, not about
projectiles but about how we understand them. We think in terms of force and
purpose because our minds evolved in a biological world of force and purpose,
not in an abstract world of vacuums and multiple gravities. Aristotle's bad
physics was actually good psychology. How can we be sure the mind works this
way? By studying its chief manifestation: language.

* [27] The Double Thinker, William Saletan, 07/09/23, NYTimes

[27] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/23/books/review/Saletan-t.html

_________________________________________________________________

11. Work on Paralysis Shows Just How Hard It Is to Read Minds , Wall Street
Journal

Excerpts: The computer control systems of both Prof. Donoghue and Prof. Wolpaw
require users to concentrate on a task. Another approach to the problem is to
take advantage of the brain's "reflex" actions, those that occur without our
conscious knowledge. For example, neurons in the visual cortex will
automatically "fire" at the same rate as something blinking. So Melody Moore
Jackson at Georgia Tech University shows patients a keyboard on a screen, each
"key" a colored square flashing at a different frequency.

* [28] Work on Paralysis Shows Just How Hard It Is to Read Minds, Lee Gomes,
07/09/26, Wall Street Journal

[28] http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB119076157311039236.html

_________________________________________________________________

11.01. Acupuncture 'Best For Back Pain' , BBC News

Excerpts:     Acupuncture is said to release the body's vital energy    
Acupuncture is more effective at treating back pain than conventional
therapies, research suggests. A German study found almost half the patients
treated with acupuncture needles felt pain relief that lasted for months. In
contrast, only about a quarter who received drugs and other Western therapies
felt better. The Archives of Internal Medicine study also found fake
acupuncture to work nearly as well as the real thing.

* [29] Acupuncture 'Best For Back Pain', 07/09/25, BBC News

[29] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7011738.stm

_________________________________________________________________

12. To Evade Chemotherapy, Some Cancer Cells Mimic Stem Cells ,
Innovations-report

Excerpt: Anti-cancer treatments often effectively shrink the size of tumors,
but some might have an opposite effect, actually expanding the small population
of cancer stem cells believed to drive the disease, according to findings
presented today in Atlanta, Georgia at the American Association for Cancer
Research's second International Conference on Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer
Therapeutic Development. "Our experiments suggest that some treatments could be
producing more cancer stem cells that then are capable of metastasizing, becaus
e
these cells are trying to find a way to survive the therapy," said (...).

* [30] To Evade Chemotherapy, Some Cancer Cells Mimic Stem Cells, 2007/09/21,
Innovations-report
* Contributed by [31] Atin Das

[30]
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life_sciences/report-91454.html
[31] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

13. Noise, Nonlinearity And Seasonality: The Epidemics Of Whooping Cough
Revisited , Interface

Excerpts: Understanding the mechanisms that generate oscillations in the
incidence of childhood infectious diseases has preoccupied epidemiologists and
population ecologists for nearly two centuries. This body of work has generated
simple yet powerful explanations for the epidemics of measles and chickenpox,
while the dynamics of other infectious diseases, such as whooping cough, have
proved more challenging to decipher. (...) Here we use household data on the
incubation period in order to parametrize more realistic distributions of the
latent and infectious periods. We demonstrate that previously reported
phenomena result from transients following the interaction between the stable
annual attractor and unstable multiennial solutions.

* [32] Noise, Nonlinearity And Seasonality: The Epidemics Of Whooping Cough
Revisited, H. T. H. Nguyen ,  P. Rohani, 2007/09/18, DOI:
10.1098/rsif.2007.1168, Interface
* Contributed by [33] Atin Das

[32]
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/u3010424q754120q/?p=e998590cf9a0492a
9dedc0c354ea046b&pi=0
[33] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

14. An Oracle for Our Time, Part Man, Part Machine , NY Times

Excerpts:     Jonathon Rosen     But the concept is not so different from what
happens routinely during a Google search. The network of computers answering
your query pays attention to which results you choose to read. You're gathering
data from the network while the network is gathering data about you. The result
is a statistical accretion of what people - those beings who clack away at the
keys - are looking for, a rough sense of what their language means. In the
1950s William Ross Ashby, a British psychiatrist and cyberneticist, anticipated
something like this merger when he wrote about intelligence amplification -
human thinking leveraged by machines.

* [34] An Oracle for Our Time, Part Man, Part Machine, George Johnson,
07/09/23, NYTimes

[34] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/23/weekinreview/23john.html

_________________________________________________________________

15. 'Self-Aware' Space Rovers Would Be Speedy Explorers , New Scientist

Excerpts: His virtual rover first makes a single slow drive through an unknown
area gathering as much tilt data as possible. Based on this information, it
then builds 15 different simulations of its extended surroundings with itself
at its current position. It makes "educated guesses" based on sensor data about
the likely features in these the areas beyond its initial route. The robot
combines all 15 models and identifies the direction in which the models vary
the most. It then drives off into this region and checks its models against new
tilt data, providing more information for further, more accurate simulation
building.

* [35] 'Self-Aware' Space Rovers Would Be Speedy Explorers, Michael Reilly,
07/09/21, NewScientist.com

[35]
http://technology.newscientist.com/article/dn12674-selfaware-space-rovers-would
-be-speedy-explorers.html

_________________________________________________________________

16. Computing: The Wireless Epidemic , Nature

Excerpts: As wireless communication technologies spread, so the potential for
viruses to exploit them grows. Biological models of virus transmission will
assume new relevance for assessing the emerging threat.

* [36] Computing: The Wireless Epidemic, Jon Kleinberg, 07/09/20, DOI:
10.1038/449287a, Nature 449, 287-288

[36] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7160/full/449287a.html

_________________________________________________________________

17. Toward Next-generation Integrated Circuits Made From Carbon Nanotubes ,
Science Daily

Excerpts:     Photo and illustration (inset) of carbon nanotube circuits.
(Credit: Courtesy of Ze'ev Abrams and Yael Hanein, Tel-Aviv University, Israel)
    The study describes a method to manufacture and assemble large arrays of
SWCNTs into an integrated circuit format. It can be used on a variety of
surfaces and produced on an industrial scale. The process involves creating
networks of nanotubes suspended between silicon pillars, which are then
transferred onto other surfaces by direct stamping, the researchers say.

* [37] Toward Next-generation Integrated Circuits Made From Carbon Nanotubes,
07/09/20, Science Daily/American Chemical Society

[37] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070917112542.htm

_________________________________________________________________

17.01. It's All In The Spin: Quantum Physics Cools Down Computers , PhysOrg.com

Excerpts: Using special semiconductor material made from layers of mercury
telluride and cadmium telluride, the experimenters employed quantum tricks to
align the spin of electrons like a parade of tops spinning together. Under
these extraordinary conditions, the current flows only along the edges of the
sheet of semiconductor. Interestingly, electrons with identical spins travel in
the same direction together, while electrons with the opposite spin move in the
opposite direction. Unlike existing semiconductors, this unusual electric
current does not generate destructive heat through dissipation of power or the
collision of electrons with impurities in the semiconducting material.

* [38] It's All In The Spin: Quantum Physics Cools Down Computers, 07/09/25,
PhysOrg.com

[38] http://physorg.com/news109951082.html

_________________________________________________________________

18. Condensed-Matter Physics: Relaxation After A Tight Squeeze , Nature

Excerpts: Are the rules that determine relaxation to equilibrium the same in
the classical and quantum worlds? Recent experiments supported the idea that
they are - but an investigation with ultracold atoms now contradicts that.

* [39] Condensed-Matter Physics: Relaxation After A Tight Squeeze, Ehud Altman,
 Eugene Demler, 07/09/20, DOI: 10.1038/449296a, Nature 449, 296-297

[39] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7160/full/449296a.html

_________________________________________________________________

19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks 

_________________________________________________________________

19.01. Invisible, Invincible , Hindustan Times

Excerpts: The internet provides terrorist groups with unprecedented access to
the world outside from releasing propaganda videos to posting 'messages' from
terrorist bosses the web is the ultimate forum for extremist groups. And it
can't be regulated. According to Mohamed Hafez, author of Suicide Bombers in
Iraq, 53 of the 124 suicide bombers identified in the embattled West Asian
nation were Saudi nationals. Italy and Syria provided eight each, while seven
came from Jordan. Only 18 of the 124 bombers were Iraqis.

* [40] Invisible, Invincible, Amit Baruah, 07/09/26, Hindustan Times

[40]
http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=4741bf9b-e8bc-4b6d-95
31-75be5bacf226&&Headline=Invisible%2c+invincible

_________________________________________________________________

19.02. Air Force Leaders Discuss Need To Control Cyberspace , Air Force Link

Excerpts: Mr. Byrne said terrorist networks rely on common commercial items
such as cell phones, camera phones and Global Positioning System devices. U.S.
warfighters need to take advantage of these same technologies, too, he said,
arguing that they can greatly enhance collaboration, which is the real key to
information awareness.  "I'm not saying we should replace the sensors and
communication systems we're using now, but that we should use these commercial
technologies to supplement them," he said. He acknowledged that the military
would have to ensure the security of such an expanded network, but thought the
problem solvable.

* [41] Air Force Leaders Discuss Need To Control Cyberspace, Chuck Paone,
07/09/26, Air Force Link

[41] http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123069501

_________________________________________________________________

20. Links & Snippets 

_________________________________________________________________

20.01. Other Publications 

- Bacterial Solutions to the Problem of Sex, 2007/09/18, PLoS Biol 5(9): e245,
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050245
- A New View of the Waggle Dance: Making Scents to Recruit Fellow Foragers,
2007/08/21, PLoS Biol 5(9): e249, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050249
- Council Workers Fired Over 'Web Addiction': Employees Sacked For
Cyber-Skiving, 2007/09/21, vnunet.com
- Market Forces In Utilities Industries Benefit Company And Not Society,
2007/09/24, Innovations-report
- Speech Perception At The Interface Of Neurobiology And Linguistics,
2007/09/21, Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2007.2160
- Susceptible-Infected-Recovered Epidemics In Dynamic Contact Networks,
2007/09/18, Proceedings B: Biological Sciences, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1159
- Racism's Cognitive Toll: Subtle Discrimination Is More Taxing On The Brain,
2007/09/24, ScienceDaily & Association for Psychological Science
- Key To Longer Life (in Flies) Lies In Just 14 Brain Cells, 2007/09/21,
ScienceDaily & Brown University
- Understanding The Neuron's Green Architecture, 2007/09/24, ScienceDaily &
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Resource Accessibility And Vulnerability In Andhra Pradesh: Caste And
Non-Caste Influences, Jul. 2007, online 2007/07/25, Development and Change,
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00426.x
- Can The United States Shed Its Oil Addiction?, Autumn 2007, Online
2007/08/20, Washington Quarterly, DOI: 10.1162/wash.2007.30.4.117
- Analysis Of Fractal And Fast Fourier Transform Spectra Of Human
Electroencephalograms Induced By Odors, Oct. 2007, International Journal of
Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1080/00207450600941130
- The Primitive Wrist of Homo floresiensis and Its Implications for Hominin
Evolution, 07/09/21, Science : 1743-1745. Homo floresiensis, the enigmatic
diminutive hominin from Flores, Indonesia, retains primitive wrist bones,
implying that it is not closely related to modern humans.
- The Breast Solution - Nature's Nutrition Keeps HIV At Bay, 07/09/22,
ScienceNews, Reversing earlier advice, health authorities now say that babies
of HIV-positive mothers in poor countries have a better chance of avoiding
infection if they feed only on breast milk that's not supplemented with other
food.
- Aiding and Abetting: A longevity gene also promotes cancer, 07/09/22,
ScienceNews, A gene that normally helps cells overcome stress can also promote
cancer, perhaps offering a new target for cancer treatment.

_________________________________________________________________

20.02. Webcast Announcements 

 [42] 
Reseau Nationale des Systemes Complexes , (in French), 2007

 [43] World Economic Forum , Davos, Switzerland, 07/01/24-28

TED Talks, TED Conferences LLC , since 2006

Talking Robots: The PodCast on Robotics and AI, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de
Lausanne, Switzerland, 06/11/03

Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Governments, and the Media 2006,
Budapest, Hungary, 06/08/03-05

 6th Intl Conf on Complex Systems (ICCS), Boston, MA, 06/06/25-30

Artificial Life X, 
10th Intl Conf on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, Bloomington,
IN, USA. 2006/06/03-07

6th Understanding Complex Systems Symposium, Urbana-Champaign, Il, 06/05/15-18

Ralph Abraham on Complexity Digest, , Calcutta, India, 05/12/27
 [44] An Afternoon with Michael Crichton, Washington, 05/11/06
 [45] 
Illuminating the Shadow of the Future, Ann Arbor, Mi 05/09/23-25

 [46] 
Open Network of Centres of Excellence in Complex Systems - Brainstorming
Meeting, Paris, France 05/09/19-23

 [47] 
Complexity, Science & Society Conference 2005, U. Liverpool, UK 2005/09/11-14

 [48] 
ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life, 
Canterbury, Kent, UK 2005/09/5-9

 [49] 
T. Irene Sanders, Executive Director and Founder, [50] The Washington Center
for Complexity & Public Policy, 05/08/27, QuickTime video (10:38 min), [51]
Podcast 

 [52] North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity
2005 Conference, Virtual Conference Network, St. Pete's Beach, Florida,
05/06/09-11

 [53] Understanding Complex Systems - Computational Complexity and
Bioinformatics, Virtual Conference Network, Urbana-Champaign, Il, UIUC,
05/05/16-19

 [54] Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity, with a celebration of the
65th birthday of Gregoire Nicolis. , Complexity Session, Universite' Libre de
Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 05/03/16

 [55] 
1st European Conference on Complex Systems, Torino, Italy, 04/12/5-7

>From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela
(1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20

Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium,
04/05/26-28

International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21

Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H.,
Internet-First University Press, 1994

CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events 

Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998 

Edge Videos

[42] http://webcast.in2p3.fr/RNSC/ target=new
[43]
http://gaia.world-television.com/wef/worldeconomicforum_annualmeeting2007/Targe
t=new
[44] http://www.complexsys.org/news.htm target=new
[45] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05ISF/index.html target=new
[46] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ONCECS05/ target=new
[47] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/CSS05/ target=new
[48] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ECAL2005/ target=new
[49] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Sanders0508/Sanders0508.mov target=new
[50] http://www.complexsys.org/ target=new
[51] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Sanders0508/Sanders.mp3
[52] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05NASPSA/ target=new
[53] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05UCS/ target=new
[54] http://www.comdig2.de/Conf/Nicolis05/Target=new
[55] http://www.comdig2.de/Conf/ECCS04/Target=new

_________________________________________________________________

20.03. Conference Announcements 

3rd Edition of the Econophysics Colloquium , Ancona, Italy, 07/09/27-29

European Conference on Complex Systems 2007 (ECCS'07), Dresden, Germany,
07/10/01-05

Genetic Networks: Models, Simulations and their Application to Biology, ECCS
2007 satellite workshop, Dresden, Germany, 07/10/04-05

Processes Of Emergence Of Systems And Systemic Properties.
Towards A General Theory Of Emergence.
, Castel Ivano (Trento), 07/10/18-20

2nd Annual Conf on The Physics, Chemistry and Biology of Water, West Dover,
Vermont. 07/10/18-21

Smithsonian conference, Creating a Sustainable Future
in a Complex World, Washington, DC, 07/10/27

Intl Conf on Complex Systems 2007, Boston, MA, USA, 07/10/28-11/02

2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM Intl Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent
Technology (WI-IAT'07), Silicon Valley, USA, 07/11/02-05

Theory In Cognitive Neuroscience, 
Wildbad Kreuth (Bavaria), Germany, 07/11/04-07

7th Intl Conf on Epigenetic Robotics:
Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic Systems
, Piscataway, NJ, 07/11/05-07

KSS 2007 - 8th Intl Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences, Ishikawa
prefecture, Japan, 07/11/05-07

NetLogo Workshop at Agent 2007 Conference, 
Evanston, IL, USA, 07/11/12-14

Australia New Zealand Systems Conference 2007
Systemic development: Local solutions in a global environment? Auckland, New
Zealand, 07/12/02-05

The 3rd Indian Intl Conf on Artificial Intelligence
(IICAI-07), Pune, INDIA, 07/12/17-19

The 1st Conf on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI-08), Memphis, Tennessee,
USA, 08/03/01-03

The 3rd International Nonlinear Sciences Conference (INSC), Tokyo, Japan,
08/03/13-15

19th European Meeting On Cybernetics And Systems Research, (EMCSR 2008), 
Vienna, Austria, 08/03/25-28 

1st Intl Conf on Social Entrepreneurship & Complexity,  Garden City, NY, USA,
08/04/10-12

The 12th World Multi-Conf on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI
2008, Orlando, Florida, USA, 08/06/29-07/02

>From Animals To Animats 10 - The 10th Intl Conf on the Simulation Of Adaptive
Behavior (SAB'08), Osaka, Japan, 08/07/07-12

Stochastic Resonance 2008, Perugia, Italy, 08/08/17-21

_________________________________________________________________

20.04. Other Announcements 

 A short notice from Dean LeBaron
Dear ComDig Readers,

Our editor, Dr. Gottfried Mayer, is affectionately esteemed by many of you --
as readers, you know he devotes himself unselfishly to widening our knowledge
of complexity science. He was recently diagnosed with advanced colon cancer and
given a timetable of a very few years. Knowing Gottfried, you can imagine that,
in addition to the customary processes of chemotherapy, he would explore other
frontier therapies, especially those arising out of interdisciplinary
applications of complexity. These are expensive ... if he can find them.

Many of you have sent your good wishes and indicated your desire to assist.
With Gottfrieds permission, I am posting this note with information, below,
about how to send contributions to him. Please indicate the source since
Gottfried will want to express his warm gratitude.

I know that Gottfried, the good scientist that he is, will explain from time to
time what he is doing and what the results are ... and we will follow his
progress with great interest and hope.

Dean LeBaron

Publisher, Complexity Digest

Bank Information:

If your contribution is made by check:

Please mail the check, payable to Gottfried Mayer? to:

Manufacturers & Traders Trust

2080 Western Avenue

20 Mall

Guilderland, NY 12084 USA

(on the back of the check, please write: For Deposit Only: Account # 983 338
3814?

If your contribution is made by wire:

Manufacturers & Traders Trust

2080 Western Avenue

20 Mall

Guilderland, NY 12084 USA

SWIFT Code# MANTUS33

UID: 209 791

ABA routing # 022 00 00 46 [for US wire transfers]

Account # 983 338 3814

Ref. Gottfried Mayer

Intl Master of Science in Methods For Management Of Complex Systems - Academic
Year 2007-2008, Institute for Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy, 08/01/01

  News notes on 
Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE) 
for July 2007 are now available on-line, 07/08/04

National Humanities Center Launches Humanities/Sciences Website, 07/04, As part
of its ongoing Autonomy, Singularity, Creativity: The Human & The Humanities?pr
oject (ASC), the National Humanities Center makes public a new website for
the initiative which significantly expands the potential pool of humanists and
scientists engaged in the exploration and examination of topics surrounding the
question of human being.

_________________________________________________________________

[56]Complexity Digest is an independent publication available to
organizations that may wish to repost [57]ComDig to their own mailing
lists. [58]ComDig is published by [59]Dean LeBaron and edited by
[60]Gottfried J. Mayer.
To unsubscribe from this list, please send a note to
[61]subscriptions at comdig.org.

[56] http://www.comdig.org/
[57] http://www.comdig.org/
[58] http://www.comdig.org/
[59] http://www.deanlebaron.com/index.html
[60] http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/x/gxm21/
[61] mailto:subscriptions at comdig.org

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Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org
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