[tt] advanced nanotechnology - 3 new articles
Eugen Leitl
<eugen at leitl.org> on
Fri Sep 28 11:42:43 UTC 2007
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Date: Fri, 28 Sep 2007 07:15:34 -0400
To: eugen <eugen at leitl.org>
Subject: advanced nanotechnology - 3 new articles
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"[2]advanced nanotechnology" - 3 new articles
1. [3]The Struggle over High Risk, high payoff research
2. [4]The struggle between more High risk, high payoff scientific and
technological research and development and those who want only
timid, incremental goals who also ridicule even the description of
a high payoff possibility [del.icio.us]
3. [5]New Gigapixel Cameras
4. [6]More Recent Articles
5. [7]Search advanced nanotechnology
[8]The Struggle over High Risk, high payoff research
[9]Computerworld discusses the impact of Sputnick on the development
of computer technology and the internet and high risk/high payoff
technology research.
The article is making the case that the United States science and
technology research community has seen a return to a culture which is
less likely to pursue high risk/high payoff technology research.
There is a struggle between those who want more High risk, high payoff
scientific and technological research and development and those who
want only timid, incremental goals who also ridicule even the
description of a high payoff technological possibility.
[10]del.icio.us
DARPA people are trying to defend themselves from the charge taht they
are not interested in high-risk and high payoff research and are
leaving the United States open to another nation surprising the United
States with an unchallenged success in a high payoff research area.
DARPA continues to be interested in high-risk, high-payoff
research," says DARPA spokesperson Jan Walker.
Walker offers the following projects as examples of DARPA's current
research efforts:
- Computing systems able to assimilate knowledge by being immersed
in a situation
- Universal [language] translation
- Realistic agent-based societal simulation environments
- Networks that design themselves and collaborate with application
services to jointly optimize performance
- Self-forming information infrastructures that automatically
organize services and applications
- Routing protocols that allow computers to choose the best path
for traffic, and new methods for route discovery for wide area
networks
- Devices to interconnect an optically switched backbone with
metropolitan-level IP networks
- Photonic communications in a microprocessor having a theoretical
maximum performance of 10 TFLOPS (trillion floating-point
operations per second)
[11]The Wall Street Journal has journalists arguing against artificial
intelligence projects with greater than human AGI goals.
[12]There are those like Dale Carrico who argue against talking about
"Superlative technology". Superlative technology being potentially
high payoff technology like molecular nanotechnology and artificial
greater than human general intelligence.
There are many others who argue against projects with agressive goal
in energy, space and nanotechnology. Often these are the same people
who lament the lack of adequate technological solutions for climate
change, peak oil and other potential societal problems.
Many seem to indicate that there is culture that encourages timid
technological goals:
Farber sits on a computer science advisory board at the NSF, and he
says he has been urging the agency to "take a much more aggressive
role in high-risk research." He explains, "Right now, the
mechanisms guarantee that low-risk research gets funded. It's
always, 'How do you know you can do that when you haven't done it?'
A program manager is going to tell you, 'Look, a year from now, I
have to write a report that says what this contributed to the
country. I can't take a chance that it's not going to contribute to
the country.'"
A report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and
Technology, released Sept. 10, indicates that at least some in the
White House agree. In "Leadership Under Challenge: Information
Technology R&D in a Competitive World," John H. Marburger, science
advisor to the president, said, "The report highlights in
particular the need to ... rebalance the federal networking and IT
research and development portfolio to emphasize more large-scale,
long-term, multidisciplinary activities and visionary, high-payoff
goals.
According to the Committee on Science, Engineering and Public
Policy at the National Academy of Sciences, U.S. industry spent
more on tort litigation than on research and development in 2001,
the last year for which figures are available. And more than 95% of
that R&D is engineering or development, not long-range research,
Lazowska says.
[13]The old head of ARPA, Charles M. Herzfeld, speaks on the old and
new situation
We created the whole artificial intelligence community and funded
it. And we created the computer science world. When we started
[IPTO], there were no computer science departments or computer
science professionals in the world. None.
There certainly has been a change, and it's not for the better. But
it may be inevitable. I'm not sure one could start the old ARPA
nowadays. It would be illegal, perhaps. We now live under tight
controls by many people who don't understand much about substance.
What was unique about IPTO was that it was very broad technically
and philosophically, and nobody told you how to structure it. We
structured it. It's very hard to do that today.
Interviewer Question: But why? Why couldn't a Licklider come in today
and do big things?
Because the people that you have to persuade are too busy, don't
know enough about the subject and are highly risk-averse. When
President Eisenhower said, "You, Department X, will do Y," they'd
salute and say, "Yes, sir." Now they say, "We'll get back to you."
I blame Congress for a good part of it. And agency heads are all
wishy-washy. What's missing is leadership that understands what it
is doing.
If the system does not fund thinking about big problems, you think
about small problems.
Thus the big ideas for big problems have gone mostly outside the
system.
[14]SENS, Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (for radical
life extension), raises private funds
[15]The Singularity Institute and companies working on AGI are outside
mainstream government and corporate funding.
[16]The nanofactory collaboration is privately funded with some use of
university resources controlled by the researchers.
[17]There was a small UK government funded project for software
control of matter
[18]Robert Bussard's nuclear fusion project was funded by the Navy
[19]Tri-alpha Energy's colliding beam fusion was privately funded for
over 40 million dollars
[20]The NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts program was cancelled
I think there should be at least 20% of research funds (government and
corporate) devoted to high risk/high payoff research. This is a model
that Google is using to substantial success.
FURTHER READING
[21]The problem of false negatives in selection of technology
development projects Not choosing to pursue a technology development
project which in fact would have succeeded and should have been chosen
for development.
[22][advancednano?i=UlO8zpCG] [23][advancednano?i=YBZb9Ki9]
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[34]Rate 'The Struggle over High Risk, high payoff research'
[35]The struggle between more High risk, high payoff scientific and
technological research and development and those who want only timid,
incremental goals who also ridicule even the description of a high payoff
possibility [del.icio.us]
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[40]Rate 'The struggle between more High risk, high payoff scientific
and technological research and development and those who want only
timid, incremental goals who also ridicule even the description of a
high payoff possibility [del.icio.us]'
[41]New Gigapixel Cameras
[42]Wide-angled gigapixel satellite surveillance: Researchers at Sony
and the University of Alabama have come up with a wide-angle camera
that can image a 10-kilometre-square area from an altitude of 7.5
kilometres with a resolution better than 50 centimetres per pixel.
The system means that we could existing image capture chips with
sub-gigapixel resolution to form fast gigapixel images.
[lens_array-775142.png]
Each chip is receiving the light from one tube.
They are building an array of light sensitive chips that each
record small parts of a larger image and place them at the focal
plane of a large multiple-lens system. The camera would have
gigapixel resolution, and able to record images at a rate of 4
frames per second.
The team suggests that such a camera mounted on an aircraft could
provide images of a large city by itself. This would even allow
individual vehicles to be monitored without any danger of losing
them as they move from one ground level CCTV system to another.
The camera could have military applications too, says the team.
Mounted on the underside of an unmanned aerial vehicle, the
gigapixel camera could provide almost real-time surveillance images
of large areas for troops on the ground.
[43]Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, in collaboration with
scientists at NASA's Ames Research Center, have built a low-cost
robotic device that enables any digital camera to produce breathtaking
gigapixel (billions of pixels) panoramas, called [44]GigaPans.
[45]The Gigapan is part of the global connection project
[46]It is also part of the Carnegie Mellon Robot 250 project
FURTHER READING
[47]Gigapixel and terapixel pictures have been taken before. The new
systems make it easier and cheaper for more people to do it.
[48]There are single image sensors able to capture 111 million pixels
[49]Common resolutions on commercial digital cameras
[50]High resolution cameras available in 2006
[51][advancednano?i=ktmultZO] [52][advancednano?i=sCab5Zpn]
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More Recent Articles
* [64]Energy supplies by source in the USA 2002 to 2006
* [65]Quantum computing photon qubit communication advances
* [66]Coal compared to green measures
* [67]Spintronics: Quantum spin hall effect could be future of
computers
* [68]False negatives in the selection of technology projects
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