[tt] Complexity Digest 2007.35 (text version -2)
Eugen Leitl
<eugen at leitl.org> on
Fri Sep 14 12:19:30 UTC 2007
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Subject: Complexity Digest 2007.35 (text version -2)
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Complexity Digest 2007.35 13-Sept-2007
Archive: [1]http://www.comdig.org, European Mirror: [2]http://www.comdig.de
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"I think the next century will be the century of complexity." Stephen
Hawking, 2000
_________________________________________________________________
PDF files of our annual editions are available at
www.comdig.de/AnnualEditions.html
A letter from Gottfried Mayer to our readers and friends is at
www.comdig.de/GMLetter.html
_________________________________________________________________
01. Living in Societies, Science
01.01. Evolution in the Social Brain, Science
01.02. The Brain/Education Barrier, Science
02. Social Components of Fitness in Primate Groups, Science
02.01. Socially Induced Brain Differentiation In A Cooperatively Breeding
Songbird, Proc. Biol. Sc.
03. Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural
Intelligence Hypothesis, Science
03.01. The Trouble with Men, Scientific American Magazine
04. Prospection: Experiencing the Future, Science
04.01. The Art of Virtual Persuasion, Science
05. Will Super Smart Artificial Intelligences Keep Humans Around As Pets?,
reasononline
05.01. 2006: Celebrating 75 years of AI - History and Outlook: the Next 25
Years, arXiv
05.02. Who Needs Hackers?, NY Times
06. From Cool to Passé: Identity Signaling and Product Domains,
Knowledge at Wharton
06.01. The Wealth Of Nations - A Country's Competitive Edge Can Spread Industry
To Industry, Like A Disease, Science News
07. How Does Consciousness Happen?, Scientific American Magazine
08. Adaptive Evolution Of Genes Underlying Schizophrenia, Proc. Biol. Sc.
08.01. Schizophrenia Genes 'Favoured by Evolution', News at Nature
09. The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates,
Science
09.01. Psychology: Nonhuman Primates Demonstrate Humanlike Reasoning, Science
09.02. Alex the Parrot, NY Times
10. That's Life, NY Times
10.01. Taxonomy: The Collector, Nature
11. Life As We Know It - To Understand The Human Genome, Researchers Must
Spread Their Wings To All Branches Of Life, Nature
11.01. Crashing DNA's Ultraconservative Party, Nature
11.02. Share Alike: Genes From Bacteria Found In Animals, Science News
12. Redefining the Architecture of Memory, NY Times
13. How Do You Like Your Genes? Biofabs Take Orders, NY Times
14. Experimental Drugs on Trial, Scientific American Magazine
14.01. Biomedicine: HIV Drug Shows Promise as Potential Cancer Treatment,
Science
15. Listening To Speech In The Presence Of Other Sounds, Phil. Tran. Biol. Sc.
15.01. Temporal Precision In The Neural Code And The Timescales Of Natural
Vision, Nature
15.02. Reading Process Is Surprisingly Different That Previously Thought,
ScienceDaily
16. Muscular Thin Films for Building Actuators and Powering Devices, Science
16.01. Pushing The Complexity Of Model Bilayers: Novel Prospects For Membrane
Biophysics, Springer
17. Dragging Of Inertial Frames, Nature
18. The Changing Ecology Of Foreign Policy-Making In China, The China Quarterly
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
19.01. The New Al-Qaeda Central, Washington Post
19.02. Al-Qaeda's Return - The Terrorists Have A Sanctuary Once Again.,
Washington Post
20. Links & Snippets
20.01. Other Publications
20.02. Webcast Announcements
20.03. Conference Announcements
20.04. Other Announcements
_________________________________________________________________
01. Living in Societies , Science
Excerpts: An awareness of one's position and the relationships of others in a
group is a rarity among vertebrate species, yet it has proved so spectacularly
influential in just one species--our own--that it has become a major factor in
determining the ecology of an entire planet. Although we can describe behavior
patterns and speculate about their evolutionary advantage, we also need to
understand their contribution to a species' reproductive success. A new wave of
research is investigating the primate social brain within this evolutionary
context, often through studies of wild primates.
* [4] Living in Societies, Caroline Ash, Gilbert Chin, Elizabeth Pennisi,
Andrew Sugden, 07/09/07, Science: 1337.
[4] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/317/5843/1337
_________________________________________________________________
01.01. Evolution in the Social Brain , Science
Excerpts: The evolution of unusually large brains in some groups of animals,
notably primates, has long been a puzzle. Although early explanations tended to
emphasize the brain's role in sensory or technical competence (foraging skills,
innovations, and way-finding), the balance of evidence now clearly favors the
suggestion that it was the computational demands of living in large, complex
societies that selected for large brains. However, recent analyses suggest that
it may have been the particular demands of the more intense forms of pairbondin
g
that was the critical factor that triggered this evolutionary development.
* [5] Evolution in the Social Brain, R. I. M. Dunbar , Susanne Shultz,
07/09/07, Science: 1344-1347.
[5] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1344
_________________________________________________________________
01.02. The Brain/Education Barrier , Science
Excerpts: How could an international group of scientists communicate that there
is superb developmental evidence that speaks directly to educational concerns,
whereas brain science cannot yet do so? (...) It [ the Santiago Declaration,
Ed.] summarizes knowledge about child development and early learning, the
benefits of embedding learning in meaningful social contexts, the importance of
active rather than passive learning, the need for sensitive and responsive
environments, and the need for concern about how, not just what, children
learn. We hope that this declaration (www.jsmf.org/declaration) will become a
focal point for the discussion of evidence-based educational practice.
* [6] The Brain/Education Barrier, Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek , John T. Bruer,
07/09/07, Science: 1293.
[6] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1293
_________________________________________________________________
02. Social Components of Fitness in Primate Groups , Science
Excerpts: There is much interest in the evolutionary forces that favored the
evolution of large brains in the primate order. The social brain hypothesis
posits that selection has favored larger brains and more complex cognitive
capacities as a means to cope with the challenges of social life. The
hypothesis is supported by evidence that shows that group size is linked to
various measures of brain size. But it has not been clear how cognitive
complexity confers fitness advantages on individuals. Research in the field and
laboratory shows that sophisticated social cognition underlies social behavior
in primate groups.
* [7] Social Components of Fitness in Primate Groups, Joan B. Silk, 07/09/07,
DOI: 10.1126/science.1140734, Science: Vol. 317. no. 5843, pp. 1347 - 1351
[7] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1347
_________________________________________________________________
02.01. Socially Induced Brain Differentiation In A Cooperatively Breeding
Songbird , Proc. Biol. Sc.
Excerpt: Birds living in social groups establish dominance hierarchies, and
taking up the dominant position influences behaviour and physiological
parameters. In cooperatively breeding white-browed sparrow weavers (Plocepasser
mahali), the transition from subordinate helper to dominant breeder male induce
s
the production of a new type of song. This song contains a large number of new
syllables and differs in temporal pattern from duet songs produced by all other
group members. Here we show that this change in social status of adult males
affects the morphology of a behavioural control circuit, the song control
system of songbirds that is composed of large neuron populations. (...)
* [8] Socially Induced Brain Differentiation In A Cooperatively Breeding
Songbird, C. Voigt , S. Leitner , M. Gahr, 2007/09/04, DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2007.0858, Proceedings B: Biological Sciences
* Contributed by [9] Atin Das
[8]
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/m6p4302w0g35588t/?p=2b4a5a7527674119
8a131f663cc553fa&pi=5
[9] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
03. Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural
Intelligence Hypothesis , Science
Excerpts: Children who are 2 and a half years old deal with quantities, space,
and causality as well as adult chimps but far surpass them on social learning
tasks, communication, and theory of mind skills. Humans have many cognitive
skills not possessed by their nearest primate relatives. The cultural
intelligence hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a species-specific
set of social-cognitive skills, emerging early in ontogeny, for participating
and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups.
* [10] Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural
Intelligence Hypothesis, Esther Herrmann, Josep Call, Maria Victoria
Hernandez-Lloreda, Brian Hare, Michael Tomasello, 07/09/07, Science :
1360-1366.
[10] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1360
_________________________________________________________________
03.01. The Trouble with Men , Scientific American Magazine
Excerpts: Sons are tough on their mothers. Whether it is heavier birth weights,
amplified testosterone levels or simple, hair-raising high jinks, boys seem to
take an extra toll on the women who gave birth to them. And by poring over
Finnish church records from two centuries ago, Virpi Lummaa of the University
of Sheffield in England can prove it: sons reduce a mother's life span by an
average of 34 weeks.
* [11] The Trouble with Men, David Biello, 07/10, Scientific American Magazine
[11]
http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CH
AR=E0EF60E0-3048-8A5E-10C097990C35F7C8
_________________________________________________________________
04. Prospection: Experiencing the Future , Science
Excerpts: All animals can predict the hedonic consequences of events they've
experienced before. But humans can predict the hedonic consequences of events
they've never experienced by simulating those events in their minds. Scientists
are beginning to understand how the brain simulates future events, how it uses
those simulations to predict an event's hedonic consequences, and why these
predictions so often go awry.
* [12] Prospection: Experiencing the Future, Daniel T. Gilbert, Timothy D.
Wilson, 07/09/07, DOI: 10.1126/science.1144161, Science: Vol. 317. no. 5843,
pp. 1351 - 1354
[12] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1351
_________________________________________________________________
04.01. The Art of Virtual Persuasion , Science
Excerpts: For example, a week before the 2004 U.S. presidential election,
Jeremy Bailenson and colleagues at Stanford University asked 240 volunteers to
fill out surveys regarding the two main candidates, President George W. Bush
and Senator John Kerry, while viewing side-by-side photographs of the two men.
For a randomly selected third of the subjects, the researchers used software to
merge Bush's photo with a photo of the subject, making Bush look more like the
subject without the subject noticing.
* [13] The Art of Virtual Persuasion, Greg Miller, 07/09/07, DOI:
10.1126/science.317.5843.1343, Science: Vol. 317. no. 5843, p. 1343
[13] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1343
_________________________________________________________________
05. Will Super Smart Artificial Intelligences Keep Humans Around As Pets? ,
reasononline
Excerpts: As far as I could tell, many of the would-be progenitors of
independent AIs at the Summit are concluding that the best way to create an AI
is to rear one like one would rear a human child. "The only pathway is way we
walked ourselves," argued Sam Adams who honchoed IBM's Joshua Blue Project.
That project aimed to create an artificial general intelligence (AGI) with the
capabilities of a 3-year old toddler. Before beginning the project, Adams and
his collaborators consulted the literature of developmental psychology and
developmental neuroscience to model Joshua.
* [14] Will Super Smart Artificial Intelligences Keep Humans Around As Pets?,
Ronald Bailey, 07/09/11, reasononline
[14] http://reason.com/news/show/122423.html
_________________________________________________________________
05.01. 2006: Celebrating 75 years of AI - History and Outlook: the Next 25
Years , arXiv
Excerpts: When Kurt Goedel layed the foundations of theoretical computer
science in 1931, he also introduced essential concepts of the theory of
Artificial Intelligence (AI). (...) Here we look back at important milestones
of AI history, mention essential recent results, and speculate about what we
may expect from the next 25 years, emphasizing the significance of the ongoing
dramatic hardware speedups, and discussing Goedel-inspired, self-referential,
self-improving universal problem solvers.
* [15] 2006: Celebrating 75 years of AI - History and Outlook: the Next 25
Years, Juergen Schmidhuber, 2007/08/31, DOI: 0708.4311, arXiv
* Contributed by [16] Carlos Gershenson
[15] http://uk.arXiv.org/abs/0708.4311
[16] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/
_________________________________________________________________
05.02. Who Needs Hackers? , NY Times
Excerpts: Lou Beach (...) "The threat is complexity itself. Change is
the fuel of business, but it also introduces complexity", Mr. Antonopoulos
said, whether by bringing together incompatible computer networks or simply by
growing beyond the network's ability to keep up. "We have gone from fairly
simple computing architectures to massively distributed, massively
interconnected and interdependent networks," he said, adding that as a result,
flaws have become increasingly hard to predict or spot. Simpler systems could
be understood and their behavior characterized, he said, but greater complexity
brings unintended consequences.
* [17] Who Needs Hackers?, John Schwartz, 07/09/12, NYTimes
[17]
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/technology/techspecial/12threat.html?ref=tech
nology&pagewanted=all
_________________________________________________________________
06. From Cool to Passé: Identity Signaling and Product Domains ,
Knowledge at Wharton
Excerpts: There is a fine line between cool and not-so-cool. In other
work, Berger examined the 2004 yellow wristband phenomenon. A research team at
Stanford first sold the bands to students living in one dorm. A week later,
researchers began selling the wristbands in a neighboring dorm with a stronger
academic focus and a social reputation as a "geek" dorm. A week after the
wristbands were adopted by the "geeks," there was a 32% drop in students
wearing the bands at the first dorm. The idea is "that people in the original
dorm abandoned the wristband to avoid other students thinking they were similar
to the geeks," Berger says.
* [18] From Cool to Passé: Identity Signaling and Product Domains,
07/09/05, Knowledge at Wharton
[18] http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1803
_________________________________________________________________
06.01. The Wealth Of Nations - A Country's Competitive Edge Can Spread Industry
To Industry, Like A Disease , Science News
Excerpts: HIDDEN LINKS. In the product space network above, nodes represent
products. The more closely products are linked, the more likely they are to be
produced and exported by the same countries. Each node's size represents the
total world trade in that product, and the nodes' colors follow an older
classification of products. Hidalgo/Science By analyzing global export data
on numerous categories of goods, the two economists calculated, for each pair o
f
categories, the probability that if a country is good at exporting one type of
product, it will also be good at exporting the other. When that probability is
high, those two products have a short "distance" between them. When the
probability is low, the products are far apart. (...) Instead, the map shows
how industries gather in clusters according to how likely it is that that those
industries thrive in the same countries. (...)
* [19] The Wealth Of Nations - A Country's Competitive Edge Can Spread Industry
To Industry, Like A Disease, Davide Castelvecchi, 07/09/01, Science News
[19] http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20070901/bob9.asp
_________________________________________________________________
07. How Does Consciousness Happen? , Scientific American Magazine
Excerpts: How brain processes translate to consciousness is one of the greatest
unsolved questions in science. Although the scientific method can delineate
events immediately after the big bang and uncover the biochemical nuts and
bolts of the brain, it has utterly failed to satisfactorily explain how
subjective experience is created. As neuroscientists, both of us have made it
our life's goal to try to solve this puzzle. We share many common views,
including the important acknowledgment that there is not a single problem of
consciousness.
* [20] How Does Consciousness Happen?, Christof Koch, Susan Greenfield, 07/10,
Scientific American Magazine
[20]
http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CH
AR=E0E902FE-3048-8A5E-1061447DA58B3813
_________________________________________________________________
08. Adaptive Evolution Of Genes Underlying Schizophrenia , Proc. Biol. Sc.
Excerpt: Schizophrenia poses an evolutionary-genetic paradox because it
exhibits strongly negative fitness effects and high heritability, yet it
persists at a prevalence of approximately 1% across all human cultures. Recent
theory has proposed a resolution: that genetic liability to schizophrenia has
evolved as a secondary consequence of selection for human cognitive traits.
This hypothesis predicts that genes increasing the risk of this disorder have
been subject to positive selection in the evolutionary history of humans and
other primates. We evaluated this prediction using tests for recent selective
sweeps in human populations and maximum-likelihood tests for selection during
primate evolution. (...)
* [21] Adaptive Evolution Of Genes Underlying Schizophrenia, B. Crespi , K.
Summers , S. Dorus, 2007/09/04, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0876, Proceedings B:
Biological Sciences
* Contributed by [22] Atin Das
[21]
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/6215831652282576/?p=2b4a5a7527674119
8a131f663cc553fa&pi=4
[22] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
08.01. Schizophrenia Genes 'Favoured by Evolution' , News at Nature
Excerpt: The genes that underpin schizophrenia may have been favoured by
natural selection, according to a survey of human and primate genetic
sequences. The discovery suggests that genes linked to the debilitating brain
condition conferred some advantage that allowed them to persist in the
population ?although it is far from clear what this advantage might have been.
* [23] Schizophrenia Genes 'Favoured by Evolution', Michael Hopkin, 2007/09/05,
DOI: 10.1038/news070903-6, News at Nature
* Contributed by [24] Carlos Gershenson
[23] http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070903/pf/070903-6_pf.html
[24] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/
_________________________________________________________________
09. The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates ,
Science
Excerpts: Apes, as well as New and Old World monkeys, can analyze goal-directed
actions and infer the underlying rationale. Humans are capable of making
inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their
actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This
capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw
inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether
this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals.
* [25] The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates,
Justin N. Wood, David D. Glynn, Brenda C. Phillips, Marc D. Hauser,
07/09/07, Science: 1402-1405.
[25] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1402
_________________________________________________________________
09.01. Psychology: Nonhuman Primates Demonstrate Humanlike Reasoning , Science
Excerpts: Monkeys may see, hear, and speak no evil, but they do seem to
understand a person's intentions. We constantly judge the actions of those
around us, assessing what others are trying to do, and why, to decide the best
course of action for ourselves. Experiments reported on page 1402 now suggest
that this supposedly unique human attribute is shared by chimps and at least
two monkey species. The finding suggests that this skill and the enabling
neuronal circuitry date back at least 40 million years, predating the evolution
of the unique social system or language of humans.
* [26] Psychology: Nonhuman Primates Demonstrate Humanlike Reasoning, Elizabeth
Pennisi, 07/09/07, DOI: 10.1126/science.317.5843.1308, Science : Vol. 317. no.
5843, p. 1308
[26] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1308
_________________________________________________________________
09.02. Alex the Parrot , NY Times
Excerpts: Thinking about animals - and especially thinking about whether
animals can think - is like looking at the world through a two-way mirror.
There, for example, on the other side of the mirror, is Alex, the famous
African Grey parrot who died unexpectedly last week at the age of 31. But
looking at Alex, who mastered a surprising vocabulary of words and concepts,
the question is always how much of our own reflection we see. What you make of
Dr. Irene Pepperberg's work with Alex depends on whether you think Alex's
cognitive presence was real or merely imitative.
* [27] Alex the Parrot, Verlyn Klinkenborg, 07/09/1, NYTimes
[27] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/opinion/12wed4.html
_________________________________________________________________
10. That's Life , NY Times
Excerpts: (...) The Encyclopedia of Life, which one day will provide
single-portal access to all knowledge of living organisms. Why bother making
such an effort? Because each species from a bacterium to a whale is a
masterpiece of evolution. Each has persisted, its mix of genes slowly evolving,
for thousands to millions of years. And each is exquisitely adapted to its
environment and interlocks with a legion of other species to form the
ecosystems upon which our own lives ultimately depend. We need to properly
explore Earth's biodiversity if we are to understand, preserve and manage it.
* [28] That’s Life, Edward O. Wilson, 07/09/06, NYTimes
[28] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/opinion/06wilson.html
_________________________________________________________________
10.01. Taxonomy: The Collector , Nature
Excerpts: What we do is tap into the accumulated knowledge of taxonomists and
draw together their understanding of all the different names that have ever
been used for an organism, and extend this to cover typographical errors,
vernacular names, (...) We've built the system so that you can have any
browsing structure in place. So if you want to change from the hierarchy
provided by the Catalogue of Life [an attempt to index all known species] to
that provided by GenBank [a database of all published DNA sequences], you just
click on the alternative classification.
* [29] Taxonomy: The Collector, 07/09/06, DOI: 10.1038/449023a, Nature 449, 23
[29] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7158/full/449023a.html
_________________________________________________________________
11. Life As We Know It - To Understand The Human Genome, Researchers Must
Spread Their Wings To All Branches Of Life , Nature
Excerpts: The paper in question focuses on segments of 'ultraconserved' DNA -
sections that have stayed exactly the same throughout recent vertebrate
evolution, and are identical in humans, rats and mice (see page 10). The
available evidence suggests that this extreme example of DNA conservation is no
accident: the sequence stays because there is a strong selective force weeding
out mutations in it. In other words, it is likely to be important to its host.
Yet when researchers (...) removed four pieces of ultraconserved DNA from
different mice, it had absolutely no effect on the rodents.
* [30] Life As We Know It - To Understand The Human Genome, Researchers Must
Spread Their Wings To All Branches Of Life, 07/09/06, DOI: 10.1038/449001a,
Nature 449, 1
[30] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7158/full/449001a.html
_________________________________________________________________
11.01. Crashing DNA's Ultraconservative Party , Nature
Excerpts: Genetic sequences preserved through evolutionary selection might not
be functional. A colony of mice whose very existence defies logic could
rewrite our understanding of human evolution, health and disease, researchers
say. The laboratory mice lack stretches of DNA that scientists believed were
essential for survival. And yet they eat, grow and reproduce normally. There
seems to be nothing wrong with them despite their genetic deficiencies, says
Nadav Ahituv, a human geneticist at the University of California, San
Francisco, who created them through two painstaking years of breeding
experiments.
* [31] Crashing DNA's Ultraconservative Party, Erika Check, 07/09/06, DOI:
10.1038/449010b, Nature 449, 10-11
[31] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7158/full/449010b.html
_________________________________________________________________
11.02. Share Alike: Genes From Bacteria Found In Animals , Science News
Excerpts: Some insects and roundworms pick up DNA from bacteria living within
their cells, new research shows. The DNA transfer occurs in the animals' egg
cells, so the genetic modification passes between generations. The mechanism
therefore provides an alternative to mutation of existing DNA as a way for the
species to acquire new genetic traits. Gene swapping is ubiquitous among
bacteria and other single-celled organisms. Even plants and fungi are known to
occasionally adopt a piece of foreign DNA. But scientists thought that
multicellular animals picked up genes from bacteria only rarely.
* [32] Share Alike: Genes From Bacteria Found In Animals, Patrick Barry,
07/09/01, Science News
[32] http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20070901/fob1.asp
_________________________________________________________________
12. Redefining the Architecture of Memory , NY Times
Excerpts: Jim Wilson/The New York Times At I.B.M.'s research lab in San
Jose, Calif., Stuart S. P. Parkin is working on a device that could increase
chip data storage by 10 to 100 times. If the racetrack idea can be made
commercial, he will have done what has so far proved impossible - to take
microelectronics completely into the third dimension and thus explode the
two-dimensional limits of Moore's Law, the 1965 observation by Gordon E. Moore,
a co-founder of Intel, that decrees that the number of transistors on a silicon
chip doubles roughly every 18 months.(...) This is just a hint, but it suggests
that I.B.M. may think that racetrack memory could blur the line between storage
and computing, providing a key to a new way to search for data, as well as
store and retrieve data.
* [33] Redefining the Architecture of Memory, John Markoff, 07/09/11, NYTimes
[33] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/11/technology/11storage.html
_________________________________________________________________
13. How Do You Like Your Genes? Biofabs Take Orders , NY Times
Excerpts: Customers usually place orders - a sequence of hundreds of As, Cs, Gs
and Ts - through a biofab's Web site or by e-mail. "It's really not possible to
take an order like that over the phone or even by fax," said Jeremy Minshull,
president of DNA2.0. Manufacturing is a prime example of what is called mass
customization, highly automated production with every single product being
different. The machines that string together bases make so many mistakes that
they cannot make a full gene flawlessly. So the companies make shorter oligos
and splice them together. Error checking is crucial.
* [34] How Do You Like Your Genes? Biofabs Take Orders, Andrew Pollack,
07/09/12, NYTimes
[34] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/technology/techspecial/12gene.html
_________________________________________________________________
14. Experimental Drugs on Trial , Scientific American Magazine
Excerpts: Abigail Burroughs was only 21 when she died. If her father and his
supporters get their wish, however, she will attain a kind of immortality,
joining Brown, Griswold, Roe and Miranda in the band of ordinary citizens whose
personal travails have permanently changed the way Americans live. A lawsuit,
Abigail Alliance for Better Access to Developmental Drugs v. Andrew von
Eschenbach, contends that government regulations kept Burroughs from obtaining
potentially lifesaving experimental cancer medicines that her doctor
recommended, violating her constitutional right to defend her life.
Editor's Note:
Besides the long time it takes to complete a clinical trials, some promising
drugs will not undergo that procedure because the expected profit for the drug
company is too low (e.g. drugs that cannot be patented) to make a clinical
trial economically justifiable.
* [35] Experimental Drugs on Trial, Beryl Lieff Benderly, 07/10, Scientific
American Magazine
[35]
http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CH
AR=E0EC9915-3048-8A5E-10FD3F135F1F5EC4
_________________________________________________________________
14.01. Biomedicine: HIV Drug Shows Promise as Potential Cancer Treatment ,
Science
Excerpts: Broder, former director of NCI, in the 1980s helped discover the
first anti-HIV drug to come to market, AZT, which at the time was an abandoned
anticancer agent. Dennis hopes to enroll 45 patients, all of whom have solid
tumors that do not respond to treatment. Dennis initially wants to determine
whether cancer patients can tolerate nelfinavir at higher doses than used to
treat HIV. "The maximum tolerated dose and toxicities of nelfinavir have never
been established in humans,"
* [36] Biomedicine: HIV Drug Shows Promise as Potential Cancer Treatment, Jon
Cohen, 07/09/07, DOI: 10.1126/science.317.5843.1305, Science : Vol. 317. no.
5843, p. 1305
[36] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1305
_________________________________________________________________
15. Listening To Speech In The Presence Of Other Sounds , Phil. Tran. Biol. Sc.
Excerpt: Although most research on the perception of speech has been conducted
with speech presented without any competing sounds, we almost always listen to
speech against a background of other sounds which we are adept at ignoring.
Nevertheless, such additional irrelevant sounds can cause severe problems for
speech recognition algorithms and for the hard of hearing as well as posing a
challenge to theories of speech perception. A variety of different problems are
created by the presence of additional sound sources: detection of features that
are partially masked, (...).
* [37] Listening To Speech In The Presence Of Other Sounds, C. J. Darwin,
2007/09/07, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2156, Philosophical Transactions: Biological
Sciences
* Contributed by [38] Atin Das
[37]
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/f023614753x31r31/?p=4b675da64c6f42db
86c3466ebef6cd04&pi=3
[38] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
15.01. Temporal Precision In The Neural Code And The Timescales Of Natural
Vision , Nature
Excerpts: The timing of action potentials relative to sensory stimuli can be
precise down to milliseconds in the visual system, even though the relevant
timescales of natural vision are much slower. The existence of such precision
contributes to a fundamental debate over the basis of the neural code and,
specifically, what timescales are important for neural computation. (...), here
we demonstrate that the relevant timescale of neuronal spike trains depends on
the frequency content of the visual stimulus, and that 'relative', not
absolute, precision is maintained (...).
* [39] Temporal Precision In The Neural Code And The Timescales Of Natural
Vision, Daniel A. Butts, Chong Weng, Jianzhong Jin, Chun-I Yeh, Nicholas A.
Lesica, Jose-Manuel Alonso, Garrett B. Stanley, 07/09/06, DOI:
10.1038/nature06105, Nature 449, 92-95
[39] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7158/full/nature06105.html
_________________________________________________________________
15.02. Reading Process Is Surprisingly Different That Previously Thought ,
ScienceDaily
Excerpts: Being able to read competently is one of the most important skills we
need (...). Analysing the way we read can offer valuable insights into how we
process visual information. (...) However, until now most assumed that when we
read both eyes look at the same letter of a word concurrently. Now
ground-breaking research (...) has shown that this is not actually the case.
They found that our eyes are actually up to something much more exciting when
we read - our eyes look at different letters in the same word and then combine
the different images through a process known as fusion. (...)
* [40] Reading Process Is Surprisingly Different That Previously Thought,
Technology Shows, 2007/09/11, ScienceDaily & British Association for the
Advancement of Science
* Contributed by [41] Atin Das
[40] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070910092543.htm
[41] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
16. Muscular Thin Films for Building Actuators and Powering Devices , Science
Excerpts: Patterning of muscle cells grown on centimeter-scale, flexible
substrates allows the free films to form actuators with complex
three-dimensional shapes. We demonstrate the assembly of biohybrid materials
from engineered tissues and synthetic polymer thin films. The constructs were
built by culturing neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes on
polydimethylsiloxane thin films micropatterned with extracellular matrix
proteins to promote spatially ordered, two-dimensional myogenesis. The
constructs, termed muscular thin films, adopted functional, three-dimensional
conformations when released from a thermally sensitive polymer substrate and
were designed to perform biomimetic tasks by varying tissue architecture,
thin-film shape, and electrical-pacing protocol.
* [42] Muscular Thin Films for Building Actuators and Powering Devices, Adam W.
Feinberg, Alex Feigel, Sergey S. Shevkoplyas, Sean Sheehy, George M. Whitesides
,
Kevin Kit Parker, 07/09/07, Science : 1366-1370.
[42] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/317/5843/1366
_________________________________________________________________
16.01. Pushing The Complexity Of Model Bilayers: Novel Prospects For Membrane
Biophysics , Springer
Excerpt: As an interface between different biological compartments, membranes
guarantee an efficient exchange of matter, energy and/or signals. For this
purpose, such an interface has to be designed as a very dynamic system, yet
with a non-random distribution of its components, lipids and proteins. A
delicate balance of lipid and protein interactions is the basis of tightly
regulated mechanisms to concentrate molecules at the site of interest at a
specific time and, thereby, exclude unwanted components. In order to elucidate
this highly intricate architecture, the top-down approach-by looking at the
intact cell-is best complemented by a bottom-up strategy, (...).
* [43] Pushing The Complexity Of Model Bilayers: Novel Prospects For Membrane
Biophysics, [44] N. Kahya, D. Merkle , P. Schwille, 2007/08/30, DOI:
10.1007/4243_2007_010, Springer Book Series
* Contributed by [45] Pritha Das
[43]
http://www.springerlink.com/content/r351572220542r7p/?p=9e4bb5f699c242c7bb04f8b
c09c6e926&pi=12
[44] mailto:nicoletta.kahya at philips.com
[45] mailto:prithadas01 at yahoo.com
_________________________________________________________________
17. Dragging Of Inertial Frames , Nature
Excerpts: Frame-dragging phenomena, which are due to mass currents and mass
rotation, have been called gravitomagnetism because of a formal analogy of
electrodynamics with the general theory of relativity (in the weak field and
slow motion approximation). Whereas an electric charge generates an electric
field and a current of electric charge generates a magnetic field, in newtonian
gravitational theory the mass of a body generates a gravitational field but a
current of mass, for example the rotation of a body, would not generate any
additional gravitational field.
* [46] Dragging Of Inertial Frames, Ignazio Ciufolini, 07/09/06, DOI:
10.1038/nature06071, Nature 449, 41-47
[46] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7158/full/nature06071.html
_________________________________________________________________
18. The Changing Ecology Of Foreign Policy-Making In China , The China
Quarterly
Excerpt: China's rapidly proliferating global interests and evolving political
environment have begun to change the international and domestic context for its
foreign policy-making. This article explores the changing inputs into and
processes associated with foreign policy-making in China today. It does this by
analysing the shifting fortunes of "peaceful rise," one of the first new foreig
n
policy concepts to be introduced under the Hu Jintao administration. The author
s
draw several implications from this narrow debate for understanding contemporar
y
foreign policy-making in China. (...)
* [47] The Changing Ecology Of Foreign Policy-Making In China: The Ascension
And Demise Of The Theory Of "Peaceful Rise", B. S. Glaser , E. S. Medeiros,
2007, 190: online 2007/07/19, DOI: 10.1017/S0305741007001282, The China
Quarterly
* Contributed by [48] Pritha Das
[47] http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?iid=1209436#
[48] mailto:prithadas01 at yahoo.com
_________________________________________________________________
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
_________________________________________________________________
19.01. The New Al-Qaeda Central , Washington Post
Excerpts: When [49] Osama bin Laden resurfaced Friday in a 26-minute videotaped
speech, his most important message was one left unsaid: We have survived. The
last time bin Laden showed his face to the world was three years ago, in
October 2004. Since then, al-Qaeda's core leadership -- dubbed [50] al-Qaeda
Central by intelligence analysts -- has grown stronger, rebuilding the
organizational framework that was badly damaged after the U.S.-led invasion of
[51] Afghanistan, according to counterterrorism officials in [52] Pakistan, the
United States and [53] Europe.
* [54] The New Al-Qaeda Central, Craig Whitlock, 07/09/09, Washington Post
[49]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/specials/terror/binladen.html#profil
e
[50] http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Al+Qaeda?tid=informline
[51]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/countries/afghanistan.html?nav=el
[52] http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Pakistan?tid=informline
[53] http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Europe?tid=informline
[54]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/08/AR2007090801845
.html?wpisrc=newsletter
_________________________________________________________________
19.02. Al-Qaeda's Return - The Terrorists Have A Sanctuary Once Again. ,
Washington Post
Excerpts: Yet as the United States mourns and commemorates the worst act of
terrorism ever carried out on U.S. soil, and reflects thankfully on the fact
that it has not been repeated, there are ominous signs that al-Qaeda is back as
a coherent, global force capable of inflicting damage on the United States.
Al-Qaeda never really went away, of course, as grieving families of its victims
from London to Baghdad can attest. But the emergence of the first authentic
Osama bin Laden video in three years, the arrest of German-based al-Qaeda
operatives near Frankfurt,(...)
* [55] Al-Qaeda's Return - The Terrorists Have A Sanctuary Once Again.,
07/09/11, Washington Post
[55]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/10/AR2007091002104
.html
_________________________________________________________________
20. Links & Snippets
_________________________________________________________________
20.01. Other Publications
- Britain Gets Hybrid Embryo Go-ahead, 2007/09/05, News at Nature, DOI:
10.1038/news070903-12
- Mobility Promotes and Jeopardizes Biodiversity in Rock-paper-scissors Games,
2007/09/03, arXiv [Nature 448, 1046-1049 (2007)], DOI: 0709.0217
- Mobile Phones Put Patients In Peril: Electromagnetic Interference Can Shut
Down Medical Equipment, 2007/09/06, vnunet.com
- Colour Contrast Is 'Seen' By The Brain Early Doors, 2007/09/10,
Innovations-report
- A Dog In The Hand Scares Birds In The Bush, 2007/09/06, Innovations-report
- More Global View Required In Criminology, 2007/09/06, Innovations-report
- Neural Representation Of Spectral And Temporal Information In Speech,
2007/09/07, Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2007.2151
- Microfluidic Chambers Advance The Science Of Growing Neurons, 2007/09/07,
ScienceDaily & University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Adult Brain Can Change, Study Confirms, 2007/09/09, ScienceDaily &
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Specific Brain Protein Required For Nerve Cell Connections To Form And
Function, 2007/09/10, ScienceDaily & University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill
- E. Coli Metabolomics: Capturing The Complexity Of A "Simple" Model,
2007/04/14, Springer Book Series, DOI: 10.1007/4735_2007_0221
- Optimizing Chaos-Based Signals For Complex Radar Targets, Sep. 2007, online
2007/08/01, Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, DOI:
10.1063/1.2751392
- The Stress Of Relaxation, Science 317, 1331-1332 (2007)Two modes of
activation explain how an enzyme controls blood vessel responses to oxidative
stress, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
- Vasorelaxation - Hydrogen Peroxide and Blood Pressure, 07/09/11, Sci. STKE
2007 (403), tw330, DOI: 10.1126/stke.4032007tw330
- A Basal Dromaeosaurid and Size Evolution Preceding Avian Flight, 07/09/07,
Science: 1378-1381. A small Cretaceous dinosaur from Mongolia represents the
basal divergence of the lineage leading to birds and shows that dinosaur size
varied in this lineage.
_________________________________________________________________
20.02. Webcast Announcements
[56]
Reseau Nationale des Systemes Complexes , (in French), 2007
[57] World Economic Forum , Davos, Switzerland, 07/01/24-28
TED Talks, TED Conferences LLC , since 2006
Talking Robots: The PodCast on Robotics and AI, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de
Lausanne, Switzerland, 06/11/03
Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Governments, and the Media 2006,
Budapest, Hungary, 06/08/03-05
6th Intl Conf on Complex Systems (ICCS), Boston, MA, 06/06/25-30
Artificial Life X,
10th Intl Conf on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, Bloomington,
IN, USA. 2006/06/03-07
6th Understanding Complex Systems Symposium, Urbana-Champaign, Il, 06/05/15-18
Ralph Abraham on Complexity Digest, , Calcutta, India, 05/12/27
[58] An Afternoon with Michael Crichton, Washington, 05/11/06
[59]
Illuminating the Shadow of the Future, Ann Arbor, Mi 05/09/23-25
[60]
Open Network of Centres of Excellence in Complex Systems - Brainstorming
Meeting, Paris, France 05/09/19-23
[61]
Complexity, Science & Society Conference 2005, U. Liverpool, UK 2005/09/11-14
[62]
ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life,
Canterbury, Kent, UK 2005/09/5-9
[63]
T. Irene Sanders, Executive Director and Founder, [64] The Washington Center
for Complexity & Public Policy, 05/08/27, QuickTime video (10:38 min), [65]
Podcast
[66] North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity
2005 Conference, Virtual Conference Network, St. Pete's Beach, Florida,
05/06/09-11
[67] Understanding Complex Systems - Computational Complexity and
Bioinformatics, Virtual Conference Network, Urbana-Champaign, Il, UIUC,
05/05/16-19
[68] Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity, with a celebration of the
65th birthday of Gregoire Nicolis. , Complexity Session, Universite' Libre de
Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 05/03/16
[69]
1st European Conference on Complex Systems, Torino, Italy, 04/12/5-7
>From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela
(1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20
Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium,
04/05/26-28
International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21
Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H.,
Internet-First University Press, 1994
CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events
Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998
Edge Videos
[56] http://webcast.in2p3.fr/RNSC/ target=new
[57]
http://gaia.world-television.com/wef/worldeconomicforum_annualmeeting2007/Targe
t=new
[58] http://www.complexsys.org/news.htm target=new
[59] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05ISF/index.html target=new
[60] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ONCECS05/ target=new
[61] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/CSS05/ target=new
[62] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ECAL2005/ target=new
[63] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Sanders0508/Sanders0508.mov target=new
[64] http://www.complexsys.org/ target=new
[65] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Sanders0508/Sanders.mp3
[66] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05NASPSA/ target=new
[67] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05UCS/ target=new
[68] http://www.comdig2.de/Conf/Nicolis05/Target=new
[69] http://www.comdig2.de/Conf/ECCS04/Target=new
_________________________________________________________________
20.03. Conference Announcements
ECAL 2007 - 9th European Conference on Artificial Life, Lisbon, Portugal,
07/09/10-14
NOLTA 2007 - Intl Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and its Applications,
Vancouver, Canada, 07/09/16-19
Itl. Conf. on Applications in Nonlinear Dynamics, Poipu Beach, Koloa (Kauai),
Hawaii, 07/09/24-27
3rd Edition of the Econophysics Colloquium , Ancona, Italy, 07/09/27-29
European Conference on Complex Systems 2007 (ECCS'07), Dresden, Germany,
07/10/01-05
Genetic Networks: Models, Simulations and their Application to Biology, ECCS
2007 satellite workshop, Dresden, Germany, 07/10/04-05
Processes Of Emergence Of Systems And Systemic Properties.
Towards A General Theory Of Emergence.
, Castel Ivano (Trento), 07/10/18-20
2nd Annual Conf on The Physics, Chemistry and Biology of Water, West Dover,
Vermont. 07/10/18-21
Smithsonian conference, Creating a Sustainable Future
in a Complex World, Washington, DC, 07/10/27
Intl Conf on Complex Systems 2007, Boston, MA, USA, 07/10/28-11/02
2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM Intl Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent
Technology (WI-IAT'07), Silicon Valley, USA, 07/11/02-05
Theory In Cognitive Neuroscience,
Wildbad Kreuth (Bavaria), Germany, 07/11/04-07
7th Intl Conf on Epigenetic Robotics:
Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic Systems
, Piscataway, NJ, 07/11/05-07
KSS 2007 - 8th Intl Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences, Ishikawa
prefecture, Japan, 07/11/05-07
NetLogo Workshop at Agent 2007 Conference,
Evanston, IL, USA, 07/11/12-14
Australia New Zealand Systems Conference 2007
Systemic development: Local solutions in a global environment? Auckland, New
Zealand, 07/12/02-05
The 3rd Indian Intl Conf on Artificial Intelligence
(IICAI-07), Pune, INDIA, 07/12/17-19
The 1st Conf on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI-08), Memphis, Tennessee,
USA, 08/03/01-03
The 3rd International Nonlinear Sciences Conference (INSC), Tokyo, Japan,
08/03/13-15
19th European Meeting On Cybernetics And Systems Research, (EMCSR 2008),
Vienna, Austria, 08/03/25-28
The 12th World Multi-Conf on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI
2008, Orlando, Florida, USA, 08/06/29-07/02
>From Animals To Animats 10 - The 10th Intl Conf on the Simulation Of Adaptive
Behavior (SAB'08), Osaka, Japan, 08/07/07-12
Stochastic Resonance 2008, Perugia, Italy, 08/08/17-21
_________________________________________________________________
20.04. Other Announcements
A short notice from Dean LeBaron
Dear ComDig Readers,
Our editor, Dr. Gottfried Mayer, is affectionately esteemed by many of you --
as readers, you know he devotes himself unselfishly to widening our knowledge
of complexity science. He was recently diagnosed with advanced colon cancer and
given a timetable of a very few years. Knowing Gottfried, you can imagine that,
in addition to the customary processes of chemotherapy, he would explore other
frontier therapies, especially those arising out of interdisciplinary
applications of complexity. These are expensive ?if he can find them.
Many of you have sent your good wishes and indicated your desire to assist.
With Gottfrieds permission, I am posting this note with information, below,
about how to send contributions to him. Please indicate the source since
Gottfried will want to express his warm gratitude.
I know that Gottfried, the good scientist that he is, will explain from time to
time what he is doing and what the results are ?and we will follow his progress
with great interest and hope.
Dean LeBaron
Publisher, Complexity Digest
Bank Information:
If your contribution is made by check:
Please mail the check, payable to Gottfried Mayer? to:
Manufacturers & Traders Trust
2080 Western Avenue
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Guilderland, NY 12084 USA
(on the back of the check, please write: For Deposit Only: Account # 983 338
3814?
If your contribution is made by wire:
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Account # 983 338 3814
Ref. Gottfried Mayer
Intl Master of Science in Methods For Management Of Complex Systems - Academic
Year 2007-2008, Institute for Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy, 08/01/01
News notes on
Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE)
for July 2007 are now available on-line, 07/08/04
National Humanities Center Launches Humanities/Sciences Website, 07/04, As part
of its ongoing Autonomy, Singularity, Creativity: The Human & The Humanities?pr
oject (ASC), the National Humanities Center makes public a new website for
the initiative which significantly expands the potential pool of humanists and
scientists engaged in the exploration and examination of topics surrounding the
question of human being.
_________________________________________________________________
[70]Complexity Digest is an independent publication available to
organizations that may wish to repost [71]ComDig to their own mailing
lists. [72]ComDig is published by [73]Dean LeBaron and edited by
[74]Gottfried J. Mayer.
To unsubscribe from this list, please send a note to
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