[tt] advanced nanotechnology - Thermochemical nanolithography is over 10, 000 times faster than dip pen nanolithography

Wed Sep 12 11:27:39 UTC 2007

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Subject: advanced nanotechnology - Thermochemical nanolithography is over 10,000 times faster than dip pen nanolithography
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    1. [3]Thermochemical nanolithography is over 10,000 times faster than
       dip pen nanolithography
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[6]Thermochemical nanolithography is over 10,000 times faster than dip pen
nanolithography

   [7]Thermochemical nanolithography uses an atomic force microscope
   (AFM). Researchers heat a silicon tip and run it over a thin polymer
   film. The heat from the tip induces a chemical reaction at the surface
   of the film. This reaction changes the film's chemical reactivity and
   transforms it from a hydrophobic substance to a hydrophilic one that
   can stick to other molecules. The technique is extremely fast and can
   write at speeds faster than millimeters per second. That's orders of
   magnitude faster than the widely used dip-pen nanolithography (DPN),
   which routinely clocks at a speed of 0.0001 millimeters per second.

     Using the new technique, researchers were able to pattern with
     dimensions down to 12 nanometers in width in a variety of
     environments. Other techniques typically require the addition of
     other chemicals to be transferred to the surface or the presence of
     strong electric fields. TCNL doesn't have these requirements and
     can be used in humid environments outside a vacuum. By using an
     array of AFM tips developed by IBM, TCNL also has the potential to
     be massively scalable, allowing users to independently draw
     features with thousands of tips at a time rather than just one.
     It's the heated AFM tips that are one key to the new technique.
     Designed and fabricated by a group led by William King at the
     University of Illinois, the tips can reach temperatures hotter than
     1,000 degrees Celsius. They can also be repeatedly heated and
     cooled 1 million times per second.
     "The heated tip is the world's smallest controllable heat source,"
     said King.
     TCNL is also tunable. By varying the amount of heat, the speed and
     the distance of the tip to the polymer, researchers can introduce
     topographical changes or modulate the range of chemical changes
     produced in the material.
     "By changing the chemistry of the polymer, we've shown that we can
     selectively attach new substances, like metal ions or dyes to the
     patterned regions of the film in order to greatly increase the
     technique's functionality," said Seth Marder, professor in Tech's
     School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and director of the Center for
     Organic Photonics and Electronics. Marder's group developed the
     thermally switchable polymers used in this study.

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