[tt] advanced nanotechnology - 10 new articles
Eugen Leitl
<eugen at leitl.org> on
Wed Oct 24 12:42:40 UTC 2007
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Subject: advanced nanotechnology - 10 new articles
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"[2]advanced nanotechnology" - 10 new articles
1. [3]Copper doped Computer memory should be selling in a few years
2. [4]Robotic Car: Darpa Urban Challenge starts Nov 3, 2007
3. [5]Direct information from Kitegen
4. [6]Better recycling plants planned for the UK
5. [7]Potential Method for large scale production of graphene for
electronic devices
6. [8]Millimeter Korean bloodstream robot
7. [9]University of Sask Space Design team almost wins 2007 Space
elevator games
8. [10]A new drug ACE-031 has four times the muscle growth effect as
high doses of steroids without side effects [del.icio.us]
9. [11]Intermediate systems from now to nanofactories
10. [12]Samsung shows the world's first 30-nanometer 64-gigabit NAND
flash memory device
11. [13]More Recent Articles
12. [14]Search advanced nanotechnology
[15]Copper doped Computer memory should be selling in a few years
[16]Arizona State University's Center for Applied Nanoionics (CANi)
has a new take on old memory, one that promises to boost the
performance, capacity and battery life of consumer electronics from
digital cameras to laptops. Best of all, it is cheap, made from common
materials and compatible with just about anything currently on the
market.
This persistant memory would compete with NRAM and [17]MRAM which are
planned new types of persistant [18]nonvolatile random access computer
memory.
"In using readily available materials, we've provided a way for
this memory to be made at essentially zero extra cost, because the
materials you need are already used in the chips -- all you have to
do is mix them in a slightly different way," said Michael Kozicki,
director of CANi.
Most memory today stores information as charge; in the binary
language of computers, this means that an abundance of charge at a
particular site on a chip translated as a "one," and a lack of
charge is translated as a "zero." The problem with such memory is
that the smaller its physical size, the less charge it can reliably
store.
Resistance-based memory, on the other hand, does not suffer from
this problem and can even store multiple bits on one site.
Moreover, once the resistance is set, it does not change, even when
the power is switched off. (persistent memory)
Researchers have been approaching the problem from two directions,
either trying to leapfrog to the next generation of memory, or
refining current memory. CANi took both approaches, amping up
performance via special materials while also switching from
charge-based storage to resistance-based storage.
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[32]Robotic Car: Darpa Urban Challenge starts Nov 3, 2007
[33]The DARPA Urban challenge for robotic cars starts Nov 3, 2007 in
Victorville, California
The National Qualification Event will take place at the same location,
October 26-31, 2007 with 35 competitors.
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[47]Direct information from Kitegen
One of my readers (Joseph) correctly pointed out that the energy from
wind goes up by the cube of wind speed. [48]This means being able to
consistently access winds that were five times faster than current
winds would make enable 125 times more power to be accessed.
[1601661243_950b917708.jpg?v=0]
Kitegen system
I also have been emailing with the Kitegen people. A mountain peak in
the center of the Kitegen system would get in the flight path of the
aerofoils. So one of the better ways to get to higher and faster winds
would have to be some kind of elevated plateau. Ironically the coal
industry removes mountain tops to get at coal so a similar process
could be used to get at the best wind if needed. Alternatively
existing plateaus could be found.
The Kitegen system would cut out at 25m/s like other wind generators.
However, a Kitegen could go to a lower height and slower wind if the
top wind goes over 25m/s. Kitegen could therefore have a higher
percentage of its time near the current 25 m/s maximum.
[49]Currently 80 meter wind turbines (3MW-6MW) access winds that are
about 4.6 m/s in speed. 20-25 m/s winds would be 70-125 times more
powerful than the current wind speeds.
[sweptarea.jpg]
100 MW Kite Gen power plants, not much larger than the illustrated
example, are estimated to deliver a cost of energy produced lower than
0.03 Euro per kWh. A Kitegen system that was place at higher elevation
could access winds 2-3 times stronger for 8 to 27 times more power
than a Kitegen at a lower altitude.
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[63]Better recycling plants planned for the UK
[64]BY 2011 all the broken kettles, potato peelings, smashed glass,
holey socks, margarine pots, dirty tissues, light bulbs and pet litter
thrown away by the 1.4 million people who live in Lancashire, UK, will
be whisked away to two recycling plants near Preston.
Conventional recycling handles about 50% of household waste. The
new plants would handle 70% and eventually 85% of household waste.
Mechanical biological treatment plants (MBTs) aim to "mine" all
waste. But they have struggled to convert the organic-rich mush
into a marketable product. The problem with composting it, a
seemingly obvious solution, has been contamination.
Using a patented process for decontaminating and separating waste,
the Lancashire plants will transform this goo into high-grade
compost. What's more, burning the methane produced by the bacteria
that feed on this waste will fuel the plant and return electricity
to the national grid.
The two Lancashire plants are in the early stages of preparation
and will be run by the Australian company [65]Global Renewables
(GRL), whose first plant in Sydney was up and running in 2004.
Companies like GRL are fast becoming the commercial face of a trend
towards "zero waste" a future in which every last gram of waste is
reused and landfill is a thing of the past.
[grl_flowchart.gif]
As waste enters the plant, workers wearing protective gear sift
through it by hand to remove most of the 3 per cent of waste deemed
toxic, such as kidney dialysis tubing, paints, gas cylinders,
asbestos, computers and car batteries. The remaining organic-rich
matter is then piped to a percolator, which washes and aerates it,
removing specks of glass, metal and plastics and dissolving some
carbon.
The carbon-rich liquid is then fed to a digester, where anaerobic
bacteria break it down to produce methane. In Lancashire, the
methane will be used to generate 25,000 megawatt hours of
electricity each year, which will run the plant, with any excess
going to the national grid.
The solid residue, meanwhile, is composted for a couple of months.
Initially, GRL plans to use it to plant 100,000 trees a year to
rehabilitate old industrial land. To go mainstream though, the
compost will need to be sold widely, which could be hard.
The International Biochar Initiative, a group of scientists,
policymakers and farmers, believes that organic-rich waste can be
used to make a biofuel whose by-product is both a soil improver and
a carbon sink.
FURTHER READING
[66]The Lancashire recycling project is a 25 year deal worth more than
A$5 billion (£2 billion) over the full term
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[80]Potential Method for large scale production of graphene for electronic
devices
The main method for producing graphene currently involves peeling
sheets from a chunk of graphite using sticky tape - a technique that
is too awkward to be of use to electronics manufacturers. Graphene has
the potential to be used for electronics and to replace silicon with
faster and more efficient processing.
[81]Scott Gilje and colleagues from the California NanoSystems
Institute at the University of California, US, have developed an
alternative method for making graphene, which they believe their
spraying method has the potential for the large scale deposition of
graphene for use in electronic devices.
First they spray a solution of graphite oxide powder - a compound
studied since 1860 - onto silicon chips heated to 150 °C. On contact,
the liquid evaporates, leaving flat graphite oxide sheets behind.
Treating these sheets with a reducing agent called hydrazine removes
the oxygen and hydrogen to leave double sheets of graphene
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[95]Millimeter Korean bloodstream robot
[96]A robot, smaller than one millimeter, has been built by Korean
scientists to travel through blood vessels
Once inside a blocked artery, it is able to release drugs to
dissolve blood clots, which are often the cause of heart attacks.
The robot has three short front legs and three longer back legs
which are attached to a central rectangular body.
By attaching grafted heart muscle to the legs, the scientists found
the legs would bend as the muscle cells contracted. The cells get
their energy from sugar in the patient's blood.
That means the robot does not need an external power supply, which
are often heavy and cumbersome, if not impractical.
Because the robot's three front legs are shorter than the back
legs, they bend inwards as the heart muscles contract, creating a
difference in friction that pushes the robot forward.
Using cells from the patient's own body - perhaps grown from stem
cells - would also reduce the likelihood of the body producing an
immune reaction, which might destroy the tiny robot before it could
clear a blockage.
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[110]University of Sask Space Design team almost wins 2007 Space elevator
games
It appears that no one won the Space elevator games competition for
2007. [111]I previewed the competition.
[112]The University of Saskatechwan's Space Design team came closest
to winning.
Their fastest run was 54 seconds. We're not sure exactly how quick
that was as we need to measure the ribbon. This will be done
tomorrow. But we're sure that the ribbon was not 108 meters, and
therefore there was no way they could have met the 2 m/s
requirement. But the runs were spectacular. They actually picked up
speed in a few runs the higher they climbed. It looks like they
have some work to do on their tracking software, but I'm sure
they're going to be taking care of that. They greatly increased
their speed over last year (approximately double) and are
fulfilling NASA's and Spaceward's goal of advancing the state of
the art.
[113]Next up is the Oct. 27-28 lunar lander competition
[114]The Xprize cup site is here
The two competitors for the 2007 lunar lander prizes are:
Acuity Technologies is led by Robert Clark, who founded the company
in 1992. The team, which has previously designed unpiloted aerial
vehicles for the Department of Defense, hopes that the lightweight
craft they have concocted will give them an advantage in the
Challenge.
Armadillo Aerospace is powered by John Carmack, founder of id
Software. They are the only team to fly a vehicle in last year's
Challenge, arguably giving them a lunar leg up on the rocket
rivalry. Additionally, they have backed that view by repeat flights
throughout the year of hardware to shake out control procedures and
the technology itself.
The competition is divided into two levels. Both teams will have one
entry in each level. Armadillo still hopes to bring their two
different vehicles, Pixel in Level Two, and "the MOD" in Level One.
Acuity is building two substantially similar vehicles, called "Tiger"
and "Cardinal". Organizers are confident that one of these teams will
win at least one of the prizes this year.
Here are the basics:
Level 1 requires a rocket to take off from a designated launch area,
rocket up to 150 feet (50 meters) altitude, and then hover for 90
seconds while landing precisely on a landing pad nearly 330 feet (100
meters) away. The flight must then be repeated in reverse - and both
flights, along with all of the necessary preparation for each, must
take place within a two and a half hour period.
Level 2 requires the rocket to hover for twice as long before landing
precisely on a simulated lunar surface, packed with craters and
boulders to mimic actual lunar terrain. The hover times are calculated
so that the Level 2 mission closely simulates the power needed to
perform a real lunar mission.
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[128]A new drug ACE-031 has four times the muscle growth effect as high
doses of steroids without side effects [del.icio.us]
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[134]Intermediate systems from now to nanofactories
[135]At nanotech-now.com, Jamais Cascio, CRN's new Director of Impacts
Analysis, discusses factors that will describe the ecosystem for
nanofactories.
The factors are:
1. Designs
2. Distribution methods for nanofactories
3. Distribution methods for products
4. Distribution methods for "toner"
5. Physical reliability
6. Physical safety
7. Health and safety evaluations
8. Knowledgeable users
9. Ways to avoid abuse
10. Political support
11. Economic support
12. Market acceptance
I think we can get an idea about the markets and ecosystem by looking
at existing 2d and 3d systems. 3D systems already have machines for
rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing and full blown factory
machines and robotic assembly. There are also the reprap project and
3D printers for desktops.
[136]REDDIT[137] del.icio.us
The next generation of 2D printers should be out next year in the form
of memjet printers.
wireless wall mounted printer
Wireless wall mounted printer
[138]A wireless Wall-Mounted Printer That Doubles as a Picture Frame,
and a Desktop Printer That Does the Same from furniture designer
Ransmeier & Floyd.
[139]The wall mounted printer patents are from the makers of memjet, a
60 ppm printing technology.
Silverbrook Research''s prototype Memjet inkjet printer outputting 60
pages per minute should be on sale in 2008. Memjet printers in 2008
will print at a blisteringly fast 60 ppm for documents and 30 ppm for
photos and will start at about $200. They believe within five years
(by 2013)they will have the capability to do color office documents at
120-150 ppm and full-page photos at 60-75ppm.
The $4995 3d Desktop printer will be available in 2008 as well.
The 3D desktop printer takes up 25 x 20 x 20-inch space, and weighs
about 90-pounds, while the maximum size of printed objects is 5 x 5 x
5-inches, and Desktop Factory says per-cubic-inch printing costs will
hover somewhere around $1. The Desktop Factory 3D printer builds
robust, composite plastic parts that can be sanded and painted when
desired. Their goal by 2011 is to have their 3D printer below $1000.
Instead of using a high end laser to draw the image we went with a
simple halogen lamp. Instead of using a bed of powder in which to
draw the image we used a drum just like in a copier or printer. The
drum is coated with a thin layer of powder upon which we draw the
image of the part, layer by layer, with our halogen lamp. Then we
use heat and pressure to bond each of the layers as the object is
built.
The current market leaders in 3d systems are Z Corp and Stratasys.
There are over 5
million licenses in the CAD software environment in 2007 and growth
continues at better than 20% per annum. AutoDesk and Solidworks are
the leaders in CAD software. Alibre and Rhino make lower cost 3D CAD
software. Google's acquired of SketchUp, a 3D software company.
The [140]projected growth in volume of cheap 3d desktop printers is:
1. sales of hundreds of units in 2008 to a plan of 3500 in 2009.
2. In 2010, a price point of roughly $2,000 and somewhere between
20,000 - 30,000 units.
3. In 2011, with a price below $1000 and enter the consumer space.
They believe they will sell over a 100,000 units a year and have a
business with a quarter of a billion dollars in revenue and a product
/consumable margin that's just north of 50%. Consumables will comprise
almost 70% of the revenue at that point we will also
have a strong EBITDA margin that's somewhere in the mid 20s.
If these targets can be met then perhaps 20% of CAD engineers and
hobbysists would own and nearly all would have access to a 3D printer
by 2015 and service bureaus (Kinkos) and stores (Walmart, Costco)
could provide access to low and some high end machines. The cost of
supplies would need to come down a lot as well from $1 per cubic inch.
There would also need to be some common applications for consumers to
need to make something frequently using a 3d printer. Some things that
are inefficiently held in a wide range of inventory. Keys would be
interesting but having common printers would make physical keys
somewhat obsolete.
-Costume jewelry and design accessories could have some possibilities.
-parts for other products (headphones, plug in adapters etc...)
-interfaces and accessories for phones, laptops and other devices
-fashion modifications (skins etc...) for mass produced devices.
-toys
Eventually the range of materials and the costs could drop enough to
displace regular manufacturing and distribution methods.
Other early areas of adoption will be in places where delivery of
regular products is more costly. Polar, mountain, military and
underwater expeditions.
Where is inventory to expensive ? Too many items in the catalog? Too
hard to deliver?
Where are there new applications from rapid gratification? New design
and fashion trends. More personalization.
Another big breakthrough would be to have fabrication systems at
Walmart, costcos, Ikeas, Home Depots, auto shops, radio shack, best
buy to displace significant inventory of parts and accessories.
A [141]Zprinter310 plus, 450 and 510 printers from Zcorp have a 3d
print speed of (prices $20,000-50,000 as of 2007):
Build Speed: 2 - 4 layers per minute
Layer Thickness: User selectable at the time of printing;
0.0035"-0.008" (.089-.203 mm)
So from about 6 minutes per centimeter to 1.3 minutes per centimeter
of thickness
[142]Stratasys makes units that are 1 to 2 refrigerators in size and
use industrial thermoplastics.
It seems likely that 3d printers will also adopt multiple rows of MEMS
nozzles (for those 3d systems that are using variants of inkjet
printing). This will speed up the printing of layers.
[143]There are several other technologies for rapid prototyping.
An analysis of intermediate points from now until nanofactories would
be to look at order of magnitude improvements in speed and resolution.
A combination of something 10 times faster and 10 times higher
resolution would need 100 thinner layers in the same time.
Another area to look at projecting is existing atomically precise or
nearly atomically precise manufacturing methods.
[144]3d microfabrication
[145]atomic layer deposition also known as [146]Atomic layer epitaxy
[147]Chemical vapor deposition
[148]Self assembly
Those systems will be used to make better tool tips, small parts or
building blocks which then feed into a system for putting those to use
as parts or as components of system to bootstrap a more precise
system.
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[162]Samsung shows the world's first 30-nanometer 64-gigabit NAND flash
memory device
[163]Samsung, the world's largest maker of computer memory chips,
unveiled a 64-gigabit NAND flash memory chip based on finer process
technology using circuit elements that are 30 nanometers wide.
Samsung touted the development of the chip as a world first and said
the new chip marks the eighth straight year that memory density has
doubled and the seventh straight year that the nanometer scale has
improved for NAND flash. The company said it plans to begin production
of the chip in 2009.
Last year the company announced 32-gigabit NAND flash memory chip
based on 40-nanometer process technology. Production of that chip will
begin 2008. The bulk of Samsung's flash memory chips in 2007 are
produced using 50-nanometer process technology.
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More Recent Articles
* [177]Microsoft concedes greater access to software required by the
EU
* [178]UK Ideas Factory funding approved through 2010
* [179]Myostatin drugs possibly four times better muscle growth than
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* [180]Multi-wall carbon nanotubes increase light emission of
polymer 100 fold
* [181]Boston Consulting Groups global Millionaire count
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112. http://www.spaceelevatorblog.com/?cat=4
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142. http://www.stratasys.com/fdm_products.aspx?id=141
143. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_prototyping#Technologies
144. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_microfabrication
145. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_layer_deposition
146. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_layer_epitaxy
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148. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_assembly
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183. http://www.feedblitz.com/f/f.fbz?EmailRemove=_Mjk4NzI1M3w2NDY1MXxldWdlbkBsZWl0bC5vcmd8OTY2NDY=_
184. http://www.feedblitz.com/f/f.fbz?Subscriptions=64651
185. http://www.feedblitz.com/f
186. http://www.feedblitz.com/f/f.fbz?EmailRemove=_Mjk4NzI1M3x8ZXVnZW5AbGVpdGwub3JnfDk2NjQ2_
187. http://www.feedblitz.com/
188. http://www.feedblitz.com/
----- End forwarded message -----
--
Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org
______________________________________________________________
ICBM: 48.07100, 11.36820 http://www.ativel.com http://postbiota.org
8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A 7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE
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