[tt] Complexity Digest 2007.39 (text version -2)

Fri Oct 12 12:34:38 UTC 2007

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Complexity Digest 2007.39 12-Oct-2007

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"I think the next century will be the century of complexity." Stephen
Hawking, 2000
_________________________________________________________________
PDF files of our annual editions are available at
www.comdig.de/AnnualEditions.html

A letter from Gottfried Mayer to our readers and friends is at
www.comdig.de/GMLetter.html
_________________________________________________________________

01. The Role of Leadership in Emergent, Self-organization, The Leadership
Quarterly
01.01. Leadership and the Choice of Order: Complexity and Hierarchical
Perspectives Near the Edge of Chaos, The Leadership Quarterly
02. Going With the Flow, Duke Magazine
02.01. Biophysics: Going with the Flow, Science
03. Gene Networks and Natural Selection: Is There a Network Biology?, SFI
Working Papers
03.01. Multifunctionality and Robustness Tradeoffs in Model Genetic Circuits,
SFI Working Papers
04. Stem Cell Team Wins 2007 Nobel For Medicine, Reuters
04.01. Physics of Hard Drives Wins Nobel, NY Times
05. Human-Animal Cybrids - Biologist Ian Wilmut Talks About His Cloning Plans
For The Future., Technology Review
05.01. Top 10 Forecasts 2008 And Beyond, The Futurist
06. String Tightening As A Self-Organizing Phenomenon, Neural Networks
07. Reconciling Complexity With Stability In Naturally Assembling Food Webs,
Nature
07.01. Governing Fisheries As Complex Adaptive Systems, Marine
Policy#ref_journal Marine Policy, Article in Press, Corrected Proof
08. I Am Creating Artificial Life, Declares US Gene Pioneer - Scientist Has
Made Synthetic Chromosome, The Guardian
09. Chimpanzees Are Rational Maximizers in an Ultimatum Game, Science
09.01. How Baboons Think (Yes, Think), NY Times
10. The More They're Used, The Less Words Change, CBC News
11. New Prosthetic Devices Will Convert Brain Signals Into Action, ScienceDaily
11.01. MIT Develops Brain-To-Machine Algorithm, cnet News
11.02. Engineers Study Brain Folding In Higher Mammals, ScienceDaily
12. Google And IBM Partner To Push Cloud Computing, InformationWeek
12.01. Google and I.B.M. Join in 'Cloud Computing' Research, NY Times
12.02. Tech Trends: Crowdsourcing - Got A Big Job? The Web May Be Able To Help,
CBC News
12.03. Free the Avatars, NY Times
13. Stochastic Fluctuations In Epidemics On Networks, Interface
14. Darpa Hatches Plan For Insect Cyborgs To Fly Reconnaissance, EE Times
14.01. Dragonfly or Insect Spy? Scientists at Work on Robobugs., Washington
Post
15. Plant Biology: At Long Last, Pathologists Hear Plants' Cry For Help,
Science
16. Minimum Telomere Length Defined For Healthy Cells - Mechanism For
Chromosome Corruption Also Revealed., Nature
16.01. In the Battle Against Cancer, Researchers Find Hope in a Toxic
Wasteland, NY Times
16.02. Nanosensor Detection of an Immunoregulatory Tryptophan Influx/Kynurenine
Efflux Cycle, PLoS Biology
17. Algorithms To Reanimate The Heart, Innovations-report
17.01. Neuroscience: A Local Route To Pain Relief, Nature
18. Are Mirrors The Best Way To Deflect Asteroids?, New Scientist
18.01. New Plastic Is Strong As Steel, Transparent, PhysOrg.com
18.02. Atomic Physics: Cold Meeting At A Junction, Nature
18.03. Water Doesn't Mind The Gap - Gravity-Defying Liquid Bridge Makes A
Splash., Nature
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks 
19.01. U.S. Intelligence Officials Will Probe Leak of Bin Laden Video,
Washington Post
20. Links & Snippets 
20.01. Other Publications 
20.02. Webcast Announcements 
20.03. Conference Announcements 
20.04. Other Announcements 

_________________________________________________________________

01. The Role of Leadership in Emergent, Self-organization , The Leadership
Quarterly

Abstract: As complex systems, organizations exist far from equilibrium where
the ongoing interaction of system components leads to emergent and
self-organizing behavior. What, then, is the role of leadership in systems
where change often emerges in unexpected ways? In this paper, we build on the
work of Marion and Uhl-Bien who suggest that in complex systems leaders enable
rather than control the future. While traditional views of leadership focus on
the leader's responsibility for determining and directing the future through
heavy reliance on control mechanisms, we offer empirical support for a
different view of leadership based on a complexity perspective of
organizations. Our findings show that as enablers, leaders disrupt existing
patterns of behavior, encourage novelty, and make sense of emerging events for
others. The results of our qualitative study include a set of research
propositions as well as a discussion of the implications for managers and
researchers.

* [4] The Role of Leadership in Emergent, Self-organization, Donde Ashmos
Plowman, Stephanie Solansky, Tammy E. Beck, LaKami Baker, Mukta Kulkarni and
Deandra Villarreal Travis, 2007/08, DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.004, The
Leadership Quarterly 18(4):341-356
* Contributed by [5] Carlos Gershenson

[4] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.004
[5] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/

_________________________________________________________________

01.01. Leadership and the Choice of Order: Complexity and Hierarchical
Perspectives Near the Edge of Chaos , The Leadership Quarterly

Abstract: This conceptual article critically examines the view that, in complex
adaptive systems (CAS), organizations are moved toward the edge of chaos and
will exhibit Òorder for free?behaviors. Will organizations naturally
self-organize to seek greater fitness? We suggest that, as hierarchies,
organizations may be collectively led to establish a dynamic system where
bottom-up structuration emerges to increase the long-term viability of the
organization. Thus, it is our contention that while there is order for free, a
desired order is not. To examine if a desired order for free emerges calls for
analyses emphasizing the interplay among leadership, organization hierarchy,
and CAS perspectives where these are systematically compared and contrasted.
Based on such compare and contrast interplay, we argue that leadership
researchers can help foster the evolution of a new type of dynamic emergent
hierarchy that yields a sustained desired order across time.

* [6] Leadership and the Choice of Order: Complexity and Hierarchical
Perspectives Near the Edge of Chaos, Richard N. Osborn and James G. (Jerry)
Hunt, 2007/08, DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.003, The Leadership Quarterly
18(4):319-340
* Contributed by [7] Carlos Gershenson

[6] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.003
[7] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/

_________________________________________________________________

02. Going With the Flow , Duke Magazine

Excerpts:     Vascularized design: Rectilinear representation of optimal flow
in areas as various as biological tissues and microelectronics. Red and blue
channels alternately collect from and discharge into the yellow interstices   
Basketball, a flow system in its own way, is always with him, Bejan says; at
Duke's faculty club, he can be seen practicing the flow of the game, dribbling,
pivoting, and shooting. When, in his schoolboy days, his basketball coach was
asked about producing a great shooter, he would reply that his interest was in
producing a great passer. The game fundamentally is about moving the ball, and
that imperative involves, moment by moment, choosing the more efficient scoring
path. ¡§My coach taught that when you see a good opening, pass the ball. Or, if
you don't see the opening, give it to a guy who knows how to dribble.

* [8] Going With the Flow, Robert J. Bliwise, 07/09-10, Duke Magazine

[8] http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/091007/flow1.html

_________________________________________________________________

02.01. Biophysics: Going with the Flow , Science

Excerpts: The field of rheology--the study of the deformation and flow of
polymers, colloids, or emulsions--long had to content itself with macroscopic
experiments, because the microstructures that produce the rheological response
were beyond the reach of experimental tools. But now, new tools borrowed from
biophysics allow these microscopic substructures to be probed directly, as
illustrated by a recent use of optical tweezers to study the dynamics of
entangled polymers. Another recent study exemplifies borrowing in the reverse
direction: the use of a microrheological tool to study the actin filament
network of a cell.

* [9] Biophysics: Going with the Flow, Ronald G. Larson, 07/10/05, Science:
57-58.

[9] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5847/57

_________________________________________________________________

03. Gene Networks and Natural Selection: Is There a Network Biology? , SFI
Working Papers

Excerpt: Can qualitative information about large molecular networks inside
cells teach us fundamentally new biology? In other words, is there a network
biology (distinct from a network physics or network chemistry)? The answer to
this question is important, because molecular networks are bridges between
individual molecules, the lowest level of biological organization, and whole
organisms. To find out whether large molecular networks can teach us new
biology, we first need to answer a very basic question: Does natural selection
influence the structure of biological networks, and if so, how? (...)

* [10] Gene Networks and Natural Selection: Is There a Network Biology?,
Andreas Wagner, DOI: SFI-WP 07-09-036, SFI Working Papers
* Contributed by [11] Carlos Gershenson

[10] http://www.santafe.edu/research/publications/wpabstract/200709036
[11] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/

_________________________________________________________________

03.01. Multifunctionality and Robustness Tradeoffs in Model Genetic Circuits ,
SFI Working Papers

Excerpt: Most cellular systems, from macromolecules to genetic networks, have
more than one function. Examples involving networks include the transcriptional
regulation circuits formed by Hox genes and the Drosophila segmentation genes,
which function in both early and later developmental events. Does the need to
carry out more than one function severely constrain network architecture? Does
it imply robustness tradeoffs between functions? That is, if one function is
highly robust to mutations, are other functions highly sensitive, and vice
versa? Little available evidence speaks to these questions. We address them
with a general model of transcriptional regulation networks. (...)

* [12] Multifunctionality and Robustness Tradeoffs in Model Genetic Circuits,
Andreas Wagner, DOI: SFI-WP 07-09-037, SFI Working Papers
* Contributed by [13] Carlos Gershenson

[12] http://www.santafe.edu/research/publications/wpabstract/200709037
[13] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/

_________________________________________________________________

04. Stem Cell Team Wins 2007 Nobel For Medicine , Reuters

Excerpts:     Microscopic view of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells
is seen in this undated handout photo. Stem cell researchers Mario Capecchi,
Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies won the 2007 Nobel prize for medicine or
physiology for their work on gene changes in mice using embryonic cells,
Sweden's Karolinska Institute said on Monday. REUTERS/ Handout/University of
Wisconsin    The prize awarders said the discoveries made by the three have led
to a new branch of medicine known as gene targeting.  This enables certain gene
s
to be turned off "allowing scientists to establish the roles of individual gene
s
in health and disease".  Almost every aspect of mammal physiology can be studie
d
by gene targeting, the institute said.

* [14] Stem Cell Team Wins 2007 Nobel For Medicine, 07/10/06, Reuters

[14] http://uk.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUKL084361320071008

_________________________________________________________________

04.01. Physics of Hard Drives Wins Nobel , NY Times

Excerpts: Two physicists, one French and one German, who discovered how to
manipulate the magnetic and electrical properties of thin layers of atoms in
order to store vast amounts of data on the tiny disks in iPods and other
wonders of modern life, were named as winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics
today. (...) Each working independently in 1988, Dr. Fert, 69, and Dr.
Gruenberg, 68, discovered an effect known as giant magnetoresistance, in which
tiny changes in a magnetic field can produce huge changes in electrical
resistance.

* [15] Physics of Hard Drives Wins Nobel, Dennis Overbye, 07/10/09, NYTimes

[15]
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/09/science/10cnd-nobel.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin

_________________________________________________________________

05. Human-Animal Cybrids - Biologist Ian Wilmut Talks About His Cloning Plans
For The Future. , Technology Review

Excerpts: Over the past year, a major ethical debate has raged in the United
Kingdom over whether scientists should be allowed to use animal eggs in their
attempts to create cloned human embryonic stem cells. Scientists say that these
cells could lead to the development of the first-ever human-cell models of
complex genetic diseases and, eventually, new tissue-replacement therapies.
Lack of human eggs has presented an enormous obstacle: eggs are collected via a
lengthy and potentially painful and risky procedure that few women are willing
to undergo.

* [16] Human-Animal Cybrids - Biologist Ian Wilmut Talks About His Cloning
Plans For The Future., Emily Singer, 07/10/04, Technology Review

[16] http://www.technologyreview.com/Biotech/19485/

_________________________________________________________________

05.01. Top 10 Forecasts 2008 And Beyond , The Futurist

Excerpts: 1. The world will have a billion millionaires by 2025 2. Fashion will
go wired as technologies and tastes converge to revolutionize the textile
industry. 3. The threat of another cold war with China, Russia, or both could
replace terrorism as the chief foreign-policy concern of the United States 4.
Counterfeiting of currency will proliferate, driving the move toward a cashless
society. 5. The earth is on the verge of a significant extinction event. 6.
Water will be in the twenty-first century what oil was in the twentieth
century. 7. World population by 2050 may grow larger than previously expected,
due in part to healthier, longer-living people. 8. The number of Africans
imperiled by floods will grow 70-fold by 2080. 9. Rising prices for natural
resources could lead to a full-scale rush to develop the Arctic. 10. More
decisions will be made by nonhuman entities

* [17] Top 10 Forecasts 2008 And Beyond, 07/10/06, The Futurist

[17] http://www.wfs.org/Nov-Dec%20Files/TOPTEN.htm

_________________________________________________________________

06. String Tightening As A Self-Organizing Phenomenon , Neural Networks

Abstract: The phenomenon of self-organization has been of special interest to
the neural network community throughout the last couple of decades. In this
paper, we study a variant of the self- organizing map (SOM) that models the
phenomenon of self-organization of the particles forming a string when the
string is tightened from one or both of its ends. The proposed variant, called
the string tightening self-organizing neural network (STON), can be used to
solve certain practical problems, such as computation of shortest homotopic
paths, smoothing paths to avoid sharp turns, computation of convex hull, etc.
(...)

* [18] String Tightening As A Self-Organizing Phenomenon, B. Banerjee, Sep.
2007, online 2007/09/04, DOI: 10.1109/TNN.2007.891192, Neural Networks, IEEE
Transactions
* Contributed by [19] Pritha Das

[18]
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?isnumber=4298102&arnumber=429810
3&count=37&index=17
[19] mailto:prithadas01 at yahoo.com

_________________________________________________________________

07. Reconciling Complexity With Stability In Naturally Assembling Food Webs ,
Nature

Excerpts: Understanding how complex food webs assemble through time is
fundamental both for ecological theory and for the development of sustainable
strategies of ecosystem conservation and restoration. The build-up of
complexity in communities is theoretically difficult, because in random-pattern
models complexity leads to instability. There is growing evidence, however, tha
t
nonrandom patterns in the strengths of the interactions between predators and
prey strongly enhance system stability. Here we show how such patterns explain
stability in naturally assembling communities.

* [20] Reconciling Complexity With Stability In Naturally Assembling Food Webs,
Anje-Margriet Neutel,  Johan A. P. Heesterbeek,  Johan van de Koppel,  Guido
Hoenderboom,  An Vos,  Coen Kaldeway,  Frank Berendse ,  Peter C. de Ruiter,
07/10/04, DOI: 10.1038/nature06154;, Nature 449, 599-602

[20] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7162/full/nature06154.html

_________________________________________________________________

07.01. Governing Fisheries As Complex Adaptive Systems , Marine
Policy#ref_journal Marine Policy, Article in Press, Corrected Proof

Abstract: Fisheries are complex human-in-nature systems. The conventional
approach to fisheries systems has been to treat them as predictable and
controllable. As complex systems they are neither of the two and have to be
approached differently. Complex systems often exhibit the capacity to
self-organize or adapt, even without outside influence. If this is true of
fisheries, it should lead to a radically different approach to management of
fisheries systems that places much emphasis on enabling self-organization,
learning and adaptation. Conceptual and practical frameworks for enabling
activities are needed.

* [21] Governing Fisheries As Complex Adaptive Systems, Robin Mahon, Patrick
McConney and Rathindra N. Roy, 2007/06/11, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.04.011
* Contributed by [22] Carlos Gershenson

[21] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2007.04.011
[22] http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~cgershen/

_________________________________________________________________

08. I Am Creating Artificial Life, Declares US Gene Pioneer - Scientist Has
Made Synthetic Chromosome , The Guardian

Excerpts: Breakthrough could combat global warming The DNA sequence is based on
the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium which the team pared down to the bare
essentials needed to support life, removing a fifth of its genetic make-up. The
wholly synthetically reconstructed chromosome, which the team have christened
Mycoplasma laboratorium, has been watermarked with inks for easy recognition.
It is then transplanted into a living bacterial cell and in the final stage of
the process it is expected to take control of the cell and in effect become a
new life form. The team of scientists has already successfully transplanted the
genome of one type of bacterium into the cell of another, effectively changing
the cell's species.

* [23] I Am Creating Artificial Life, Declares US Gene Pioneer - Scientist Has
Made Synthetic Chromosome, Ed Pilkington, 07/10/06, The Guardian

[23] http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/oct/06/genetics.climatechange

_________________________________________________________________

09. Chimpanzees Are Rational Maximizers in an Ultimatum Game , Science

Excerpts: Traditional models of economic decision-making assume that people are
self-interested rational maximizers. Empirical research has demonstrated,
however, that people will take into account the interests of others and are
sensitive to norms of cooperation and fairness. In one of the most robust tests
of this finding, the ultimatum game, individuals will reject a proposed divisio
n
of a monetary windfall, at a cost to themselves, if they perceive it as unfair.
Here we show that in an ultimatum game, humans' closest living relatives,
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), are rational maximizers and are not sensitive to
fairness.

* [24] Chimpanzees Are Rational Maximizers in an Ultimatum Game, Keith Jensen, 
Josep Call,  Michael Tomasello, 07/10/05, Science: 107-109.

[24] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5847/107

_________________________________________________________________

09.01. How Baboons Think (Yes, Think) , NY Times

Excerpts:     At the Moremi Game Reserve in Botswana, Barbara grooms her older
sister, Amazon, while another sister, Domino, and her baby watch.     Through
ingenious playback experiments performed by themselves and colleagues, the
researchers say they have worked out many aspects of what baboons use their
minds for, along with their limitations.  Reading a baboon's mind affords an
excellent grasp of the dynamics of baboon society. But more than that, it bears
on the evolution of the human mind and the nature of human existence. As Darwin
jotted down in a notebook of 1838, "He who understands baboon would do more
towards metaphysics than Locke."

* [25] How Baboons Think (Yes, Think), Nicholas Wade, 07/10/09, NYTimes

[25] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/09/science/09babo.html

_________________________________________________________________

10. The More They're Used, The Less Words Change , CBC News

Excerpts: The difference in how often words are used across the Indo-European
languages can be used to predict how quickly they will change, according to
researchers Mark Pagel from the Santa Fe Institute and Quentin Atkinson and
Andrew Meade from the school of biological sciences at the University of
Reading. Common words can show the pace of change between the languages. For
example, while Greek speakers say "ovpa," Germans say "schwanz" and the French
"queue" to describe a tail, all of them use a related form of "two" for the
number.

* [26] The More They're Used, The Less Words Change, 07/10/10, CBC News

[26] http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2007/10/10/science-language.html

_________________________________________________________________

11. New Prosthetic Devices Will Convert Brain Signals Into Action ,
ScienceDaily

Excerpts: MIT researchers have developed a new algorithm to help create
prosthetic devices that convert brain signals into action in patients who have
been paralyzed or had limbs amputated. The technique, (...) unifies seemingly
disparate approaches taken by experimental groups that prototype these neural
prosthetic devices in animals or humans. "The work represents an important
advance in our understanding of how to construct algorithms in neural
prosthetic devices for people who cannot move to act or speak," said (...).
Neural prosthetic devices represent an engineer's approach to treating
paralysis and amputation. Here, electronics are used to monitor the neural
signals that reflect an individual's intentions (...).

* [27] New Prosthetic Devices Will Convert Brain Signals Into Action,
2007/10/08, ScienceDaily & Massachusetts Institute of Technology
* Contributed by [28] Atin Das

[27] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071003130747.htm
[28] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

11.01. MIT Develops Brain-To-Machine Algorithm , cnet News

Excerpts: Scientists are making progress on neural devices that can translate
the thoughts of a paralyzed person into driving action for a prosthetic device.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said Wednesday that
they've developed an algorithm for a neural prosthetic aid that can link an
individual's brain activity to the person's intentions; and then translate that
intention into movement. (...) MIT said that it has developed a unified
algorithm that can work within the parameters of these different approaches.
Lakshminarayan "Ram" Srinivasan, lead author of a paper on the subject, said
MIT's new graphical models are applicable no matter what measurement technique
is used.

* [29] MIT Develops Brain-To-Machine Algorithm, Stefanie Olsen, 07/10/03, cnet
News

[29]
http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9790825-7.html?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3
-0-20

_________________________________________________________________

11.02. Engineers Study Brain Folding In Higher Mammals , ScienceDaily

Excerpts: Engineers at Washington University in St. Louis are finding common
ground between the shaping of the brain and the heart during embryonic
development. (...) are examining mechanical and developmental processes that
occur in the folding of the brain's surface, or cortex, which gives the higher
mammalian brain more surface area (and hence more intellectual capacity) than a
brain of comparable volume with a smooth surface. Folding is very important in
human brain development because some of the worst neurological problems such as
schizophrenia, autism and lissenchephaly (smoothness of the cortex, found with
severe retardation) are associated with abnormal brain folding. (...)

* [30] Engineers Study Brain Folding In Higher Mammals, 2007/10/05,
ScienceDaily & Washington University in St. Louis
* Contributed by [31] Atin Das

[30] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071001152243.htm
[31] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

12. Google And IBM Partner To Push Cloud Computing , InformationWeek

Excerpts: To prepare students "to harness the potential of modern computing
systems," the companies will provide universities with hardware, software, and
services to advance training in large-scale distributed computing. (...)
Large-scale distributed computing, also known as cloud computing, has been
touted as the future for years now. In a July 2003 paper, Microsoft researcher
Jim Gray -- who was reported missing at sea earlier this year -- noted that IBM
and Microsoft were pushing Internet-scale distributed computing as a new model.
Sun Microsystems(SUNW) has also long been an advocate of what it calls grid
computing.

* [32] Google And IBM Partner To Push Cloud Computing, Thomas Claburn,
07/10/08, InformationWeek

[32]
http://www.informationweek.com/research/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202400042

_________________________________________________________________

12.01. Google and I.B.M. Join in 'Cloud Computing' Research , NY Times

Excerpts: Even the nation's elite universities do not provide the technical
training needed for the kind of powerful and highly complex computing Google is
famous for, say computer scientists. So Google and I.B.M. are announcing today 
a
major research initiative to address that shortcoming. The two companies are
investing to build large data centers that students can tap into over the
Internet to program and research remotely, which is called "cloud computing."

* [33] Google and I.B.M. Join in 'Cloud Computing' Research, Steve Lohr,
07/10/08, NYTimes

[33]
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/08/technology/08cloud.html?_r=1&th&emc=th&oref=s
login

_________________________________________________________________

12.02. Tech Trends: Crowdsourcing - Got A Big Job? The Web May Be Able To Help
, CBC News

Excerpts: It's called crowdsourcing. The idea is to use the internet to get
large numbers of people to help with a task. They may do it for money - usually
not much - or out of interest or simply because it's fun. (...) The trick is
that some of those people live in countries where U.S. dollars go a long way.
Crowdsourcing can be a way of farming out work to lower-paid overseas workers.
Others earn the satisfaction of contributing to a cause they feel strongly
about, such as the The Scientist's YouTube video project.

* [34] Tech Trends: Crowdsourcing - Got A Big Job? The Web May Be Able To Help,
Grant Buckler, 07/10/05, CBC News

[34] http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/tech/hightech/crowdsourcing.html

_________________________________________________________________

12.03. Free the Avatars , NY Times

Excerpts: Virtual worlds may be freewheeling environments where cyber-behavior
is unconstrained by many terrestrial mores. But they are also gated
communities, and the gates keep the digital denizens locked inside. IBM and
Linden Lab, the creator of Second Life, think it's time to free the avatars. At
the Virtual Worlds Conference and Expo at San Jose, Calif., the two companies
are announcing plans to develop open standards that will allow avatars to roam
from one virtual community to the next.

* [35] Free the Avatars, Steve Lohr, 07/10/10, NYTimes

[35] http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/10/free-the-avatars/

_________________________________________________________________

13. Stochastic Fluctuations In Epidemics On Networks , Interface

Excerpts: The effects of demographic stochasticity on the long-term behaviour
of endemic infectious diseases have been considered for long as a necessary
addition to an underlying deterministic theory. The latter would explain the
regular behaviour of recurrent epidemics and the former the superimposed noise
of observed incidence patterns. Recently, a stochastic theory based on a
mechanism of resonance with internal noise has shifted the role of
stochasticity (...), by showing that the major dynamic patterns found in the
incidence data can be explained as resonant fluctuations, (...). Here we
elaborate on that approach, by adding (...) 'mixing network' through which
infection may propagate. (...)

* [36] Stochastic Fluctuations In Epidemics On Networks, M. Simões ,  M. M.
Telo da Gama ,  A. Nunes, 2007/10/02, DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2007.1206, Interface
* Contributed by [37] Atin Das

[36]
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/333758u51w380m52/?p=2a742444d86d4f19
b9d582775649c858&pi=1
[37] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

14. Darpa Hatches Plan For Insect Cyborgs To Fly Reconnaissance , EE Times

Excerpts: Cyborg insects with embedded microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
will run remotely controlled reconnaissance missions for the military, if its
'"HI-MEMS" program succeeds. Hybrid-Insect MEMS--a program hatched earlier this
year at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa)--aims to harness
insects the way horses were harnessed by the cavalry. (...) "Michigan is
focusing on horned beetles, while MIT and Boyce Thompson are working with large
moths," said Darpa spokesman Jan Walker. "The program's first major milestone i
s
scheduled for January 2008, when the contractors have to demonstrate controlled
,
tethered flight of the insect."

* [38] Darpa Hatches Plan For Insect Cyborgs To Fly Reconnaissance, R. Colin
Johnson, 07/10/03, EE Times

[38]
http://eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=DCOQXJM2YHC4UQSNDLS
CKHA?articleID=202200707

_________________________________________________________________

14.01. Dragonfly or Insect Spy? Scientists at Work on Robobugs. , Washington
Post

Excerpts:     Gallery DragonSpies Robotic fliers have been used by the military
since World War II, but in the past decade their numbers and level of
sophistication have increased enormously.     Vanessa Alarcon saw them while
working at an antiwar rally in Lafayette Square last month.  "I heard someone
say, 'Oh my god, look at those,' " the college senior from [39] New York
recalled. "I look up and I'm like, 'What the hell is that?' They looked kind of
like dragonflies or little helicopters. But I mean, those are not insects."  Ou
t
in the crowd, Bernard Crane saw them, too.  "I'd never seen anything like it in
my life," the Washington lawyer said. "They were large for dragonflies. I
thought, 'Is that mechanical, or is that alive?' "

* [40] Dragonfly or Insect Spy? Scientists at Work on Robobugs., Rick Weiss,
07/10/09, Washington Post

[39] http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/New+York?tid=informline
[40]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/08/AR2007100801434
.html

_________________________________________________________________

15. Plant Biology: At Long Last, Pathologists Hear Plants' Cry For Help ,
Science

Excerpts: A sick plant has something in common with an athlete who slathers on
stinky sports balms. Both are counting on the salutary effects of methyl
salicylate, the pungent oil of wintergreen. This compound turns out to be a
long-sought distress call that rouses plant resistance against disease,
researchers report on page [41] 113. "Finally, we've been able to identify a
signal that activates this plant-wide defense," says co-author and plant
pathologist Daniel Klessig of the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research
in Ithaca, New York.

* [42] Plant Biology: At Long Last, Pathologists Hear Plants' Cry For Help,
Mitch Leslie, 07/10/05, DOI: 10.1126/science.318.5847.31a, Science : Vol. 318.
no. 5847, pp. 31 - 32

[41] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5847/113
[42] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5847/31a

_________________________________________________________________

16. Minimum Telomere Length Defined For Healthy Cells - Mechanism For
Chromosome Corruption Also Revealed. , Nature

Excerpts: In addition to the steady loss associated with ageing, random
mutations can cause large stochastic deletions that dramatically shrink
telomeres in young, healthy cells. Baird's team focused on such cells from
fetal human lung cultures whose telomeres had shrunk to the threshold length of
less than 77 base pairs long. "These were normal human cells that had long,
functional telomeres," says Baird. "You wouldn't expect any telomeric
problems." The critical telomere length was 12.8 repeats (of six base pairs)
long, they found - any shorter and the chromosomes began to fuse together at
their ends (...).

* [43] Minimum Telomere Length Defined For Healthy Cells - Mechanism For
Chromosome Corruption Also Revealed., Heidi Ledford, 07/10/03, DOI:
10.1038/449515a,, Nature 449, 515

[43] http://www.nature.com/news/2007/071003/full/449515a.html

_________________________________________________________________

16.01. In the Battle Against Cancer, Researchers Find Hope in a Toxic Wasteland
, NY Times

Excerpts:     Lynn Donaldson for The New York Times The Berkeley Pit is a mile
and a half wide and was one of the world's largest copper mines until 1982. The
pit filled with water with high levels of arsenic, aluminum, cadmium and zinc. 

  Microbes react to harsh conditions in the Berkeley Pit by switching on genes
that otherwise lay dormant or by evolving through mutation and natural
selection, Mr. Stierle said. Either way, they produce new chemical compounds,
which the Stierles hope may benefit human health. (...) Then there is
Penicillium rubrum, which is fuzzy and green like bread mold. "It's sweet, it
grows, and this little guy produces large amounts of interesting compounds,"
she said. "It's one of the loveliest microbes we've ever worked with."

* [44] In the Battle Against Cancer, Researchers Find Hope in a Toxic
Wasteland, Christopher Maag, 07/10/09, NYTimes

[44] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/09/us/09pit-.html

_________________________________________________________________

16.02. Nanosensor Detection of an Immunoregulatory Tryptophan Influx/Kynurenine
Efflux Cycle , PLoS Biology

Excerpts: Mammalian cells rely on cellular uptake of the essential amino acid
tryptophan. Tryptophan sequestration by up-regulation of the key enzyme for
tryptophan degradation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), e.g., in cancer and
inflammation, is thought to suppress the immune response via T cell starvation.
Additionally, the excreted tryptophan catabolites (kynurenines) induce apoptosi
s
of lymphocytes. Whereas tryptophan transport systems have been identified, the
molecular nature of kynurenine export remains unknown.

* [45] Nanosensor Detection of an Immunoregulatory Tryptophan Influx/Kynurenine
Efflux Cycle, Kaper T, Looger LL, Takanaga H, Platten M, Steinman L, DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.0050257, et al. PLoS Biology Vol. 5, No. 10, e257

[45]
http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/jour
nal.pbio.0050257

_________________________________________________________________

17. Algorithms To Reanimate The Heart , Innovations-report

Excerpts: When an adult suffers a cardiorespiratory arrest the rapid
application of an electrical discharge with a defibrillator can avoid sudden
death in many cases. Nevertheless, defibrillation also has its impediment or
enemy: time. For every minute that passes from the moment of the attack, the
possibilities of survival drop by 10%. This is why, in order to avoid avoidable
deaths, more and more easy-to-handle, automatic defibrillators are being
designed, sold and installed. (...) The main elements of these devices are
based on algorithms that help undertake a study and diagnosis of the electrical
signals from the heart. The defibrillator reads the patient's heartbeat (...).

* [46] Algorithms To Reanimate The Heart, 2007/10/04, Innovations-report
* Contributed by [47] Atin Das

[46]
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/medicine_health/report-92148.htm
l
[47] mailto:dasatin at yahoo.co.in

_________________________________________________________________

17.01. Neuroscience: A Local Route To Pain Relief , Nature

Excerpts: Local anaesthetics stop pain, but block all other sensations too. In
rats, one molecular delivery vehicle makes an unusual local anaesthetic
specific for pain - provided a little spice is added to the mix first. (...) To
those in the know, an anaesthetic seems the last place to look for an analgesic
effect. When you are numbed for the dentist's drill, the anaesthetic used
blocks all the voltage-gated sodium channels in a nerve. These are proteins
that conduct action potentials in nerve axons by timing, with submillisecond
precision, the flow of current in the form of sodium ions across cell
membranes.

* [48] Neuroscience: A Local Route To Pain Relief, Edwin W. McCleskey,
07/10/03, DOI: 10.1038/449545a, Nature 449, 545-546

[48] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7162/full/449545a.html

_________________________________________________________________

18. Are Mirrors The Best Way To Deflect Asteroids? , New Scientist

Excerpts:     A swarm of mirror-bearing spacecraft could deflect an asteroid by
focusing sunlight on its surface (Illustration: M Vasile et al, University of
Glasgow)    Focusing sunlight onto an asteroid with space-based mirrors is the
best way to deflect Earth-bound space rocks, a new study finds. The mirrors
beat out nuclear blasts and "gravity tractors" in the study, which compared
nine different deflection methods. (...) The method that came out on top was a
swarm of mirror-carrying spacecraft. The spacecraft would be launched from
Earth to hover near the asteroid and concentrate sunlight onto a point on the
asteroid's surface.

* [49] Are Mirrors The Best Way To Deflect Asteroids?, David Shiga, 07/10/09,
NewScientist

[49]
http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn12761-are-mirrors-the-best-way-to-defle
ct-asteroids.html

_________________________________________________________________

18.01. New Plastic Is Strong As Steel, Transparent , PhysOrg.com

Excerpts: By mimicking a brick-and-mortar molecular structure found in
seashells, University of Michigan researchers created a composite plastic
that's as strong as steel but lighter and transparent. It's made of layers of
clay nanosheets and a water-soluble polymer that shares chemistry with white
glue. Engineering professor Nicholas Kotov almost dubbed it "plastic steel,"
but the new material isn't quite stretchy enough to earn that name.
Nevertheless, he says its further development could lead to lighter, stronger
armor for soldiers or police and their vehicles.

* [50] New Plastic Is Strong As Steel, Transparent, 07/10/04, PhysOrg.com

[50] http://physorg.com/news110727530.html

_________________________________________________________________

18.02. Atomic Physics: Cold Meeting At A Junction , Nature

Excerpts: The Josephson effect is a macroscopic manifestation of quantum
mechanics usually seen in superconductors. Observation of this effect in a gas
of ultracold atoms demonstrates the underlying unity of solid and gaseous
systems

* [51] Atomic Physics: Cold Meeting At A Junction, Charles A. Sackett,
07/10/03, DOI: 10.1038/449546a, Nature 449, 546-549

[51] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7162/full/449546a.html

_________________________________________________________________

18.03. Water Doesn't Mind The Gap - Gravity-Defying Liquid Bridge Makes A
Splash. , Nature

Excerpts:  It could be the world's longest liquid bridge: researchers have
coaxed water into leaping a 25-millimetre gap between two regular glass beakers
in a gravity-defying stunt. The engineering feat could involve a hitherto
unknown microstructure of water, the researchers say. (...) Fuchs's team
applied up to 25,000 volts across electrodes placed in two beakers filled
nearly to the brim with distilled water. Within a millisecond, water crawled up
to the edge of one beaker and, in a burst of sparks, leapt across the gap
between them.

* [52] Water Doesn't Mind The Gap - Gravity-Defying Liquid Bridge Makes A
Splash., Eric Hand, 07/10/03, DOI: 10.1038/449517a, Nature 449, 517

[52] http://www.nature.com/news/2007/071003/full/449517a.html

_________________________________________________________________

19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks 

_________________________________________________________________

19.01. U.S. Intelligence Officials Will Probe Leak of Bin Laden Video ,
Washington Post

Excerpts: U.S. intelligence officials will investigate allegations that the
government improperly leaked a secretly obtained Osama bin Laden video,
alerting al-Qaeda to a security gap in the terrorist group's internal
communications network that it was able to shut, an intelligence spokesman said
yesterday. (...) SITE is one of several small, commercial intelligence firms
that specialize in intercepting al-Qaeda's internet communications, often by
clandestine means. SITE founder Rita Katz told The Post that her company
covertly obtained an early copy of a bin Laden video message in early
September, (...)

* [53] U.S. Intelligence Officials Will Probe Leak of Bin Laden Video, Joby
Warrick, 07/10/10, Washington Post

[53]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/09/AR2007100902055
.html?wpisrc=newsletter

_________________________________________________________________

20. Links & Snippets 

_________________________________________________________________

20.01. Other Publications 

- China Makes Half Of All Mobile Phones: Growth Continues Despite Lack Of Local
3G Market, 2007/10/04, vnunet.com
- Mathematicians Defy Gravity, 2007/10/05, Innovations-report
- Researchers: No Faking It, Crocodile Tears Are Real, 2007/10/05,
Innovations-report
- War More Traumatic Than Tsunami, 2007/10/04, Innovations-report
- Receiver Bias For Exaggerated Signals In Honeybees And Its Implications For
The Evolution Of Floral Displays, 2007/10/02, Biological Letters, DOI:
10.1098/rsbl.2007.0436
- Brain's 'Social Enforcer' Centers Identified, 2007/10/05, ScienceDaily & Cell
Press
- Why Emotionally Charged Events Are So Memorable, 2007/10/07, ScienceDaily &
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
- Memory Processes Restored In Mice With Mental Impairment, 2007/10/07,
ScienceDaily & University of California, Irvine
- Should We Allow Terrorists To Terrify Us?, Sep. 2007, online 2007/10/01,
International Affairs, DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00667.x
- The Hospitality Of War, Sep. 2007, online 2007/10/01, International Affairs,
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00666.x
- Mortality Of American Troops In The Iraq War, Sep. 2007, online 2007/09/05,
Population and Development Review, DOI: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00185.x
- Fluctuating Superconductivity In Organic Molecular Metals Close To The Mott
Transition, 07/10/04, Nature 449, 584-587, DOI: 10.1038/nature06182
- Shields Down: A Cancer-Fighting Gene Declines In Old Age, 07/10/06, Science
News, Decline of an important anti-cancer gene could contribute to increased
cancer risk among the elderly.
- Lonely White Cells, 07/10/06, Science News, In chronically lonely people,
white blood cells show abnormal gene activity that may affect health through
immune responses.

_________________________________________________________________

20.02. Webcast Announcements 

 [54] 
Reseau Nationale des Systemes Complexes , (in French), 2007

 [55] World Economic Forum , Davos, Switzerland, 07/01/24-28

TED Talks, TED Conferences LLC , since 2006

Talking Robots: The PodCast on Robotics and AI, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de
Lausanne, Switzerland, 06/11/03

Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Governments, and the Media 2006,
Budapest, Hungary, 06/08/03-05

 6th Intl Conf on Complex Systems (ICCS), Boston, MA, 06/06/25-30

Artificial Life X, 
10th Intl Conf on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, Bloomington,
IN, USA. 2006/06/03-07

6th Understanding Complex Systems Symposium, Urbana-Champaign, Il, 06/05/15-18

Ralph Abraham on Complexity Digest, , Calcutta, India, 05/12/27
 [56] An Afternoon with Michael Crichton, Washington, 05/11/06
 [57] 
Illuminating the Shadow of the Future, Ann Arbor, Mi 05/09/23-25

 [58] 
Open Network of Centres of Excellence in Complex Systems - Brainstorming
Meeting, Paris, France 05/09/19-23

 [59] 
Complexity, Science & Society Conference 2005, U. Liverpool, UK 2005/09/11-14

 [60] 
ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life, 
Canterbury, Kent, UK 2005/09/5-9

 [61] 
T. Irene Sanders, Executive Director and Founder, [62] The Washington Center
for Complexity & Public Policy, 05/08/27, QuickTime video (10:38 min), [63]
Podcast 

 [64] North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity
2005 Conference, Virtual Conference Network, St. Pete's Beach, Florida,
05/06/09-11

 [65] Understanding Complex Systems - Computational Complexity and
Bioinformatics, Virtual Conference Network, Urbana-Champaign, Il, UIUC,
05/05/16-19

 [66] Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity, with a celebration of the
65th birthday of Gregoire Nicolis. , Complexity Session, Universite' Libre de
Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 05/03/16

 [67] 
1st European Conference on Complex Systems, Torino, Italy, 04/12/5-7

>From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela
(1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20

Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium,
04/05/26-28

International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21

Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H.,
Internet-First University Press, 1994

CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events 

Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998 

Edge Videos

[54] http://webcast.in2p3.fr/RNSC/ target=new
[55]
http://gaia.world-television.com/wef/worldeconomicforum_annualmeeting2007/Targe
t=new
[56] http://www.complexsys.org/news.htm target=new
[57] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05ISF/index.html target=new
[58] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ONCECS05/ target=new
[59] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/CSS05/ target=new
[60] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/ECAL2005/ target=new
[61] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Sanders0508/Sanders0508.mov target=new
[62] http://www.complexsys.org/ target=new
[63] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/Sanders0508/Sanders.mp3
[64] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05NASPSA/ target=new
[65] http://complexity.vub.ac.be/~comdig/05UCS/ target=new
[66] http://www.comdig2.de/Conf/Nicolis05/Target=new
[67] http://www.comdig2.de/Conf/ECCS04/Target=new

_________________________________________________________________

20.03. Conference Announcements 

Processes Of Emergence Of Systems And Systemic Properties.
Towards A General Theory Of Emergence.
, Castel Ivano (Trento), 07/10/18-20

2nd Annual Conf on The Physics, Chemistry and Biology of Water, West Dover,
Vermont. 07/10/18-21

Smithsonian conference, Creating a Sustainable Future
in a Complex World, Washington, DC, 07/10/27

Intl Conf on Complex Systems 2007, Boston, MA, USA, 07/10/28-11/02

The Huntsville Simulation Conference 2007, Huntsville, Alabama, 07/10/30-11/01

2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM Intl Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent
Technology (WI-IAT'07), Silicon Valley, USA, 07/11/02-05

Theory In Cognitive Neuroscience, 
Wildbad Kreuth (Bavaria), Germany, 07/11/04-07

7th Intl Conf on Epigenetic Robotics:
Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic Systems
, Piscataway, NJ, 07/11/05-07

KSS 2007 - 8th Intl Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences, Ishikawa
prefecture, Japan, 07/11/05-07

NetLogo Workshop at Agent 2007 Conference, 
Evanston, IL, USA, 07/11/12-14

Australia New Zealand Systems Conference 2007
Systemic development: Local solutions in a global environment? Auckland, New
Zealand, 07/12/02-05

The 3rd Indian Intl Conf on Artificial Intelligence
(IICAI-07), Pune, INDIA, 07/12/17-19

The 1st Conf on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI-08), Memphis, Tennessee,
USA, 08/03/01-03

The 3rd International Nonlinear Sciences Conference (INSC), Tokyo, Japan,
08/03/13-15

19th European Meeting On Cybernetics And Systems Research, (EMCSR 2008), 
Vienna, Austria, 08/03/25-28 

2nd KES Intl Symp on Agent and Multi-Agent Systems : Technologies and
Applications, Incheon, Korea, 08/03/26-28

1st Intl Conf on Social Entrepreneurship & Complexity,  Garden City, NY, USA,
08/04/10-12

The 12th World Multi-Conf on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI
2008, Orlando, Florida, USA, 08/06/29-07/02

>From Animals To Animats 10 - The 10th Intl Conf on the Simulation Of Adaptive
Behavior (SAB'08), Osaka, Japan, 08/07/07-12

Stochastic Resonance 2008, Perugia, Italy, 08/08/17-21

_________________________________________________________________

20.04. Other Announcements 

" 
Wolfram Research is Now the Official Math Brain 
Trust for the Hit CBS Series NUMB3RS. 07/10/05

 A short notice from Dean LeBaron
Dear ComDig Readers,

Our editor, Dr. Gottfried Mayer, is affectionately esteemed by many of you --
as readers, you know he devotes himself unselfishly to widening our knowledge
of complexity science. He was recently diagnosed with advanced colon cancer and
given a timetable of a very few years. Knowing Gottfried, you can imagine that,
in addition to the customary processes of chemotherapy, he would explore other
frontier therapies, especially those arising out of interdisciplinary
applications of complexity. These are expensive ... if he can find them.

Many of you have sent your good wishes and indicated your desire to assist.
With Gottfrieds permission, I am posting this note with information, below,
about how to send contributions to him. Please indicate the source since
Gottfried will want to express his warm gratitude.

I know that Gottfried, the good scientist that he is, will explain from time to
time what he is doing and what the results are ... and we will follow his
progress with great interest and hope.

Dean LeBaron

Publisher, Complexity Digest

Bank Information:

If your contribution is made by check:

Please mail the check, payable to Gottfried Mayer? to:

Manufacturers & Traders Trust

2080 Western Avenue

20 Mall

Guilderland, NY 12084 USA

(on the back of the check, please write: For Deposit Only: Account # 983 338
3814?

If your contribution is made by wire:

Manufacturers & Traders Trust

2080 Western Avenue

20 Mall

Guilderland, NY 12084 USA

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UID: 209 791

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Account # 983 338 3814

Ref. Gottfried Mayer

Intl Master of Science in Methods For Management Of Complex Systems - Academic
Year 2007-2008, Institute for Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy, 08/01/01

  News notes on 
Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE) 
for July 2007 are now available on-line, 07/08/04

National Humanities Center Launches Humanities/Sciences Website, 07/04, As part
of its ongoing Autonomy, Singularity, Creativity: The Human & The Humanities?pr
oject (ASC), the National Humanities Center makes public a new website for
the initiative which significantly expands the potential pool of humanists and
scientists engaged in the exploration and examination of topics surrounding the
question of human being.

_________________________________________________________________

[68]Complexity Digest is an independent publication available to
organizations that may wish to repost [69]ComDig to their own mailing
lists. [70]ComDig is published by [71]Dean LeBaron and edited by
[72]Gottfried J. Mayer.
To unsubscribe from this list, please send a note to
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[68] http://www.comdig.org/
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[72] http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/x/gxm21/
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