[tt] advanced nanotechnology - 9 new articles
Eugen Leitl
<eugen at leitl.org> on
Fri Nov 16 10:40:18 UTC 2007
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Subject: advanced nanotechnology - 9 new articles
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"[2]advanced nanotechnology" - 9 new articles
1. [3]Silicon electronics can be printed by Ink Jet printers
2. [4]US 9th Appeals Court tosses federal fuel-economy standards
3. [5]Nantero NRAM still not commercialized
4. [6]Making cheaper, stronger and better carbon nanotubes without
metal catalysts
5. [7]Carnival of Space week 29
6. [8]Reports of Dwave's latest quantum computer demo
7. [9]Neil Gershenfeld's Keynote speech from SC07 conference
8. [10]Desktop supercomputers
9. [11]Interesting theory of everything
10. [12]More Recent Articles
11. [13]Search advanced nanotechnology
[14]Silicon electronics can be printed by Ink Jet printers
[15]Kovio, sunnyvale startup, jas the world's first all-printed
silicon transistor capability. They will have roll to roll printing of
computers. This is clearly a process that will get even better as the
design rules shrink and as they use [16]faster printing technology
like Memjet This technology also has implications for better fabbers,
rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing over the next few years.
This could foreshadow some prior to nanofactories style breakthroughs.
New near-nanotech could make breakthroughs that can drive cost and
applications that cannot be matched by silicon CMOS tech. Ovonic
quantum control devices on polymer might have a performance advantage
instead of disadvantage versus silicon chips. New nanopatterning
systems could get the component sizes down as well.
Super-electronics based on polymer or graphene might be made from far
cheaper fabs and far greater flexibility in form factors and cost
reductions and even higher volumes.
Better versions or alternatives to this technology might also
transform solar photovoltaics.
Its "green" silicon ink for thin-film transistors (TFTs) that
achieve the performance of polysilicon transistors, but at a third
their price and consuming only 5 percent of the chemicals and 25
percent of the energy of single-crystal silicon. Kovio claimed that
radio-frequency identification tags using its silicon ink will drop
Kovio's price from 15 cents today to 5 cents by 2008, when Kovio
begins volume production of its inkjet-printed RFID tags.
Their thin-film silicon transistors have very high mobilities for a
printed device and we can make both p-type and n-type devices for
CMOS circuits. Right now their design rules are 20 micron, but they
have 10 micron working in the lab, which is where Intel started in
1971. Intel's first microprocessor used just over two thousand
transistors: similarly, their first devices for RFID tags will use
less than about a thousand transistors when we go into mass
production by the end of next year [2008]
Kovio is building its own fab, which uses temperatures too high for
plastic substrates (which is why Kovio uses a stainless steel foil
substrate), but which does not require the expensive processing
equipment and clean-room environment of single-crystal silicon
fabs. Silicon ink devices can be fabricated on roll-to-roll
printing equipment, which is how Kovio plans to dramatically drop
the price of RFID tags and similar applications using all types of
flexible electronics.
They can build a printable silicon fab for about $10 million,
compared with $1 billion for a traditional silicon fab. They need
only about five percent of the materials (one percent of substrate
cost and three percent of the cycle time) to create new devices.
By way of comparison, single crystal silicon transistors today can
achieve mobilities as high as 600 centimeters squared per volt
second (sq cm/Vs), and polysilicon transistors, like those that
drive LCD displays, have mobilities of about 100 sq cm/Vs.
Unfortunately, there is a big gap between single-crystal silicon
and the printable organic transistors that are being demonstrated
at dozens of labs worldwide. Organic transistors have dismal
electron mobilities of less than 1 sq cm/Vs in contrast with
Kovio's silicon ink, which rivals polysilicon with its 80 sq cm/Vs
electron mobilities. Most important, silicon ink can produce
transistors that are fast enough for RFID and most other electronic
interface protocols.
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[30]US 9th Appeals Court tosses federal fuel-economy standards
[31]A U.S. appeals court on Thursday threw out the government's new
fuel economy standards for many sport-utility vehicles, minivans and
pickup trucks in a victory for environmentalists.
The decision stemmed from a lawsuit filed by 11 states and
environmental groups that argued federal regulators ignored the
effects of carbon dioxide emissions when calculating fuel economy
standards for light trucks.
Filed last year, the suit sought to force the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration to recalculate its mileage standards
from scratch, with carbon dioxide emissions taken into account as a
major factor in the agency's analysis.
Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger said Thursday that California won't back
down from the lawsuit -- but will stick to its plan to put tougher
standards in place by the 2009 model year despite protests from the
auto industry.
Last week, California sued the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, seeking to force the agency to decide whether California
can enact the country's first emissions standards for cars and
light trucks.
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[45]Nantero NRAM still not commercialized
[46]Nantero NRAM is discussed with the CEO of Nanetero at Hpcwire
Nantero's business model is to license the NRAM technology to
established manufacturers, and to provide intensive support to them
in getting it up and running and integrated into products. The main
challenges now include increasing yield on the technical side and
signing new partnerships on the strategic side to add to the
licensee base. Multiple discussions with potential licensees are
underway, both in the embedded space and the standalone memory
space, and depending on the level of resource partners apply to
standalone memory, it might not come that much further after
embedded memory.
NRAM still has significant potential.
NRAM requires only a small number of new manufacturing steps, all
of which use existing tools that are present in any production CMOS
fab. So NRAM has few hurdles for integration, either as a
standalone memory or as an embedded memory. NRAM's scalability,
theoretically down to below 5nm, is also unmatched in technologies
that are currently under development in production CMOS fabs, as
NRAM is.
[47]However, NRAMs window of opportunity is rapidly closing with many
other new universal computer memory technologies making fast progress.
Samsung could be selling a phase-change-based flash-replacement
memory within a year. [48]Some phase change memory is 1000 times
faster than current flash memory.
Others are working on nanoionic memory. Qimonda, based in Germany;
Micron Technologies, based in Boise, ID; and a Bay Area
stealth-mode startup. The startup is well on the way to producing
its first memory devices, which Kozicki says could be available
within 18 months. These first chips, however, won't rival hard
drives in memory density, he says.
[49]Copper doped computer memory could be selling in a few years
If something big does not happen with NRAM in 2008, then I think the
ship will have sailed on implementation of other technological
alternatives. Any momentum or first mover advantage is already
slipping away this year.
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[63]Making cheaper, stronger and better carbon nanotubes without metal
catalysts
[64]NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has made a major step forward in
reducing the cost of manufacturing single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNTs).
Most manufacturing methods, which use a metal catalyst to form the
tubes, have several drawbacks that have impeded development of SWCNTs'
numerous applications. NASA researchers have discovered a simple,
safe, and inexpensive method to create SWCNTs without the use of a
metal catalyst.
Traditional catalytic arc discharge methods produce an "as prepared"
sample with a 30% to 50% SWCNT yield. NASA's method produces SWCNTs at
an average yield of 70%.
Because NASA's process does not use a metal catalyst, no metal
particles need to be removed from the final product. Eliminating the
presence of metallic impurities results in the SWCNTs exhibiting
higher degradation temperatures (650 °C rather than 500 °C) and
eliminates damage to the SWCNTs by the purification process.
Researchers used a helium arc welding process to vaporize an amorphous
carbon rod and then form nanotubes by depositing the vapor onto a
watercooled carbon cathode. Analysis showed that this process yields
bundles, or "ropes," of single-walled nanotubes at a rate of 2 grams
per hour using a single setup.
FURTHER READING
[65]This process received a Nanotech Briefs Nano 50 award
[66]Hat tip to Roland Piquepaille's Technology Trends which also has
other links on this topic
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metal catalysts'
[80]Carnival of Space week 29
[81]Carnival of Space 29 is up.
[82]I contributed my article on the latest in rail guns which can be
used as better big gun for navy ships or eventually for space
launches.
[83]Hobbyspace reports on improvements to the Spacex rocket.
[84]Merlin 1C in its Falcon 9 first stage configuration has a thrust
at sea level of 95,000 lbs, a vacuum thrust of over 108,000 pounds,
vacuum specific impulse of 304 seconds and sea level thrust to weight
ratio of 92. In generating this thrust, Merlin consumes 350 lbs/second
of propellant and the chamber and nozzle, cooled by 100 lbs/sec of
kerosene, are capable of absorbing 10 MW of heat energy. In 2008,
SpaceX targets the manufacture of approximately 50 booster engines, a
number that exceeds the output of any country except Russia. New
cooling for the Merlin 1C allows for higher performance without
significantly increasing engine mass compared to the Merlin 1A.
A planned turbopump upgrade in 2009 will improve the thrust by over
20% and the thrust to weight ratio by approximately 25%.
[85]There is an article about actual plans for a giant radio telescope
on the lunar farside.
[86]Colony Worlds discusses the space based solar power plans. He
suggests placing the earth based collection systems over the ocean. I
believe that using lasers to transmit the power from space would be
better and then the system would not need large collection rectennas.
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[100]Reports of Dwave's latest quantum computer demo
[101]Zdnet blogs on the latest quantum computer demo by Dwave Systems
The latest iteration of D-Wave's chip has 28 qubits (quantum bits),
according to Rose. He said they were on track to show a 512 qubit
machine next year, and 1024 the year after that. The die has room
for a million qubits. But first things first, says Rose. "If we
can't get to 512 qubits by the end of next year, we're in trouble,"
he admitted.
[102]Dwave's press release on the demo and future plans is more
optimistic.
Our product roadmap takes us to 512 qubits in the second quarter of
2008 and 1024 qubits by the end of 2008.
[103]At the future of things, Rose takes a tougher stance.
Rose has responded to the criticism saying that major developments
have been made in quantum computing systems in the past years. He
said that the 28-qubit computer, which will be demonstrated at
SC07, will be able to use Dr. Neven's image recognition algorithm
to analyze a 300-image database, grouping the objects according to
detected similarities. "Our image-matching demonstration, the core
of which is too difficult for traditional computers, can
automatically extract information from photos-recognizing whether
photos contain people, places or things, and then categorize them
by visual similarity" - he said.
The actual machine is a bit unweildy at the moment. In fact, it's
about as large as D-Wave's entire booth, so demos were run remotely
via a web service back to the lab. "We're going to work on making
the refrigerator a bit smaller and self-contained," said Rose,
thinking ahead to commercial deployments.
[dwave95.jpg]
In the picture above you can see a magnified view of the individual
qubits on the chip. Each qubit is connected to three of its
neighbors. Rose was asked why people were so skeptical of his work.
It all comes down to the traditional way of relating discoveries
through peer reviewed journals, he explained... He promised. "We're
going to go out to some of the hotbeds of skepticism" in the coming
year, he said, with the goal of silencing the nay-sayers. They
might even file a paper or two, but it didn't seem to be a
priority.
Apparently the US Patent and Trademark office is convinced, having
granted the company dozens of patents on the technology. Dozens
more are pending. "We have more [quantum computing] patents than
any other company in the world," said Rose.
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[117]Neil Gershenfeld's Keynote speech from SC07 conference
[118]Neil Gershenfeld challenged his audience to reconsider "obviously
true" statements like "binary information is represented with two
states". In light of current and future technological trends what if
we relax these statements? He listed several of these tautologies and
set out to reword them to be more correct in today's and tomorrow's
world:
Computers come in cases -> computers come in rolls, buckets
Compilers optimize programs -> optimizations program compilers
Bits are zero or one -> bits are between zero and one
Internetworking -> interdevice interworking
Programs can describe things -> programs can be things
As regular objects become computerized and interconnected at a smaller
and smaller scale, we're approaching the nano-scale of biological
systems. We're "in the moment", he says, on the cusp of a fabrication
revolution
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conference'
[132]Desktop supercomputers
[133]SiCortex and Scalable Servers Corporation have each packaged
something like a server cluster into a single box, to produce what
each hopes will be a commercially viable desktop supercomputer.
On the outside, the machines in question look like big desktop PCs.
On the inside, they are rather different. Instead of one or two
microprocessors (the business parts of a computer, which do the
actual calculations), they have dozens--up to 72 in the case of
SiCortex.
[sicatapult.jpg]
[134]The new SiCortex SC072 - code-named "Catapult" - fits 72
processors into a deskside unit that starts at less than $15,000.
With a total of 72 processors, 48 GB memory, and 3 PCIexpress
ports, the Catapult draws less than 200 watts of power and fits in
standard PC chassis.
[135]Scalable Servers Corporation has its flexBLADE platform
Capable of a wide range of configurations, the versatile flexBLADE
is comprised of a single chassis form factor with up to 5 dual
socket blades, configurable as a cluster, SMP, hybrid-combination
or small server farm. Supporting the full range Next Generation AMD
Opteron processors, the platform can scale from a cool and quiet,
low power 1500 watt departmental solution, up to a robustly
configured 3000 watt compute powerhouse. The flexBLADE also
supports scaling out beyond standard dual socket to quad socket
SMP, FAT NODE, configurations with ample memory support (16 DIMM
slots per node, or 80 total DIMM Slots per chassis), storage (up to
10-2.5" and 14-3.5" disks), and a PCIe x16 slot per blade which
allows multiple graphics heads per platform. Built-in networking
includes 10 or 20 Gigabit InfiniBand, 10 Gigabit and 1 Gigabit
Ethernet with full system management that allows the flexBLADE
platform a wide range of configurations to match performance and
cost requirements.
[sc5832-open.jpg]
[136]SiCortex also has the SC5832, which has a cluster of 972 nodes,
each having six processors, for a total of 5,832 processors. Each
processor draws a paltry 600 milliwatts of juice. The chassis can hold
up to 8 TB of main memory, and the theoretical peak performance is 5.8
TFlops.
The whole cabinet only draws 18 kilowatts of electricity. Nodes
communicate directly over a passive copper backplane. It's air
cooled, and each node runs a fairly standard Linux kernel. It comes
pre-installed with a full suite of development software including
MPI, TAU, Vampir, TotalView, and more.
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[150]Interesting theory of everything
[151]A very interesting and relatively simple theory of everything
(including gravity) The theory should be testable with new particle
colliders.
[240px-E8_graph.svg.png]
E8 polytope
All fields of the standard model and gravity are unifed as an
[152]E8 principal bundle
connection. A non-compact real form of the E8 [153]Lie algebra has
G2 and F4 subalgebras which break down to strong su(3), electroweak
su(2) x u(1), gravitational so(3,1), the frame-Higgs, and three
generations of fermions related by triality. The interactions and
dynamics of these 1-form and Grassmann valued parts of an [154]E8
superconnection are described by the curvature and action over a
four dimensional base manifold.
[155]Article from the Telegraph
The crucial test of Lisi's work will come only when he has made
testable predictions. Lisi is now calculating the masses that the
20 new particles should have, in the hope that they may be spotted
when the Large Hadron Collider starts up.
"The theory is very young, and still in development," he told the
Telegraph. "Right now, I'd assign a low (but not tiny) likelyhood
to this prediction.
"For comparison, I think the chances are higher that LHC will see
some of these particles than it is that the LHC will see
superparticles, extra dimensions, or micro black holes as predicted
by string theory. I hope to get more (and different) predictions,
with more confidence, out of this E8 Theory over the next year,
before the LHC comes online."
FURTHER READING
[156]The E8 theory is being discussed on physics forums.
E8 theory is predictive (that is to say falsifiable) because it has
no free parameters to adjust. It will say what it will say---and if
that is shown to be wrong, then the theory's wrong. As development
proceeds changes might be made to the action and to the way E8
symmetry is broken, but a good many features are already locked in
as unalterable predictions. Like the 18 new particles---which might
serve to resolve the astrophysical dark---or might serve to trip
the theory up!
E8 theory predicts what reactions are allowed for both the new and
the already observed standard particles. So even though it is just
taking shape the theory is already offering the prospect of
something experimentalists can look for. Traditionally this is what
hep-th is supposed to do.
[157]Other discussions
[158]and more discussion here
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More Recent Articles
* [172]China taking leadership in renewable power deployment
* [173]32 megajoule rail gun delivered for naval testing
* [174]Staffing an expanding nuclear industry
* [175]Other progress in quantum computing
* [176]Big nuclear power plans from China, India and Russia
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46. http://www.hpcwire.com/hpc/1892057.html
47. http://advancednano.blogspot.com/2007/10/programmable-metallization-cell-pmc.html
48. http://advancednano.blogspot.com/2007/09/new-phase-change-memory-1000-times.html
49. http://advancednano.blogspot.com/2007/10/copper-doped-computer-memory-should-be.html
50. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=y8Lh9jB
51. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=ZwFUUCB
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53. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=JTYjdqb
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55. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=40Rz5CB
56. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=l2YpOGb
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64. http://ipp.gsfc.nasa.gov/ft-tech-nanotech.html
65. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/nanotube.html
66. http://www.primidi.com/2007/11/15.html#a2008
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81. http://web.mac.com/bdunford/rwr3/Carnival_of_Space_29.html
82. http://advancednano.blogspot.com/2007/11/32-megajoule-rail-gun-delivered-for.html
83. http://hobbyspace.com/nucleus/index.php?itemid=4906
84. http://spacex.com/press.php?page=33
85. http://riofriospacetime.blogspot.com/2007/11/earthrise.html
86. http://www.colonyworlds.com/2007/11/should-solar-powered-satellites-be.html
87. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=8EleFYB
88. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=07HDk2B
89. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=K7aXbwb
90. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=KbvwsCb
91. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=P6ixZBb
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101. http://blogs.zdnet.com/Burnette/?p=456
102. http://www.dwavesys.com/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=9&cntnt01origid=15&cntnt01returnid=21
103. http://www.tfot.info/news/1048/d-wave-demonstrates-28-qubit-quantum-computer.html
104. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=5RsTbZB
105. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=eHBUUCB
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133. http://www.economist.com/science/tq/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10128167
134. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/11/06/sicortex_catapult_cluster/
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152. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E8_polytope
153. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_group
154. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E8_%28mathematics%29
155. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/11/14/scisurf114.xml
156. http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=1499844
157. http://backreaction.blogspot.com/2007/11/theoretically-simple-exception-of.html
158. http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=617
159. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=iKlJhCB
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163. http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/blogspot/advancednano?a=tKgxPVb
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178. http://www.feedblitz.com/adfaq.asp
179. http://www.feedblitz.com/f/f.fbz?EmailRemove=_Mjk4NzI1M3w2NDY1MXxldWdlbkBsZWl0bC5vcmd8MTAyNzA3_
180. http://www.feedblitz.com/f/f.fbz?Subscriptions=64651
181. http://www.feedblitz.com/f
182. http://www.feedblitz.com/f/f.fbz?EmailRemove=_Mjk4NzI1M3x8ZXVnZW5AbGVpdGwub3JnfDEwMjcwNw==_
183. http://www.feedblitz.com/
184. http://www.feedblitz.com/
----- End forwarded message -----
--
Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org
______________________________________________________________
ICBM: 48.07100, 11.36820 http://www.ativel.com http://postbiota.org
8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A 7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE
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