[tt] advanced nanotechnology - 3 new articles
Eugen Leitl
<eugen at leitl.org> on
Thu Nov 8 09:19:05 UTC 2007
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Date: Thu, 08 Nov 2007 03:58:42 -0500
To: eugen <eugen at leitl.org>
Subject: advanced nanotechnology - 3 new articles
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"[2]advanced nanotechnology" - 3 new articles
1. [3]What are the overall lessons from the 2007 Technology prize
competitions
2. [4]Progress towards light trap quantum memory
3. [5]Talk from within China about the Appreciation of the Yuan
4. [6]More Recent Articles
5. [7]Search advanced nanotechnology
[8]What are the overall lessons from the 2007 Technology prize competitions
We have just completed the main technology prize competition season
for 2007. [9]The DARPA robotic driving competition had winners for the
second year in a row.
[Boss400x300.jpg]
The winning Carnegie Mellon robot car, Boss
[10]The lunar lander challenge was close to a winner again, but again
it was only one serious competitor Armidillo Aerospace.
[dsc_0096.jpg]
Lunar lander competition
[11]For the space elevator, there was almost a winner for the second
year in a row for the climber competition. Again it was the same team,
the University of Saskatechwan's Space Design team came closest to
winning. No one was close to winning the tether competition and
weather was a huge factor.
[sr04-181007-lg.150h.jpg]
University of Saskatechwan's Space Design team's climber
The lessons that I think should be taken from this are:
1. Robotic technology advances are currently the most consistent and
seem to be the most reliable.
2. Materials are improving but the best tether materials (like
[12]Superthread) are not going to the competitions, which are mostly
small companies and university teams.
3. An actual functioning future Space Elevator will have a massive
challenge for climbers to make it through the jet stream winds at
higher altitudes.
4. The prizes are successful in motivating progress towards carefully
crafted targeted goals.
5. They prizes do stimulate media attention and are good value in
terms of many dollars and efforts spent relative to the cost of to the
prize organizer.
The reliable progress in robotics should earn it a more central part
of more plans for future technology and space projects.
[13]I had described such a robotic centric plan for my proposal for
winning the google lunar prize.
My plan has a few central philosophies, which also apply to all space
development plans.
1. Do not use overnight International Fedex shipment if you can get
away with sending by container boat.
This was my usage of slower low energy orbital transfer to make a five
month trip to the moon which used a lot less fuel and did not required
a new multi-billion Orion rocket vehicle. (As is NASA's plan).
2. If everything does not need to be sent at the same time, it can be
cheaper and work out better to send them separately.
Split up what is more precious and requires faster delivery (like the
astronauts) from the cargo and robots. Also, if robots are sent first
then they can build things and get the place ready for astronauts who
follow later. This is part of the Zubrin Mars Direct plan.
3. If achieving your goals does not involve building the Taj Mahal
then it is cheaper to not include that construction as part of the
plan.
This goes to whether it is really necessary to spend many billions on
the new Orion rocket or whether the 100 billion on the International
Space station was needed. Could similar goals have been achieved with
robotic Skylab style systems. Could a steady stream of existing
rockets be used and combined creatively with low energy orbital
transfer to deliver more functional cargo sooner to the moon or other
space targets.
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[27]Progress towards light trap quantum memory
[28]Two teams have independently succeeded in placing a cloud of
chilled rubidium atoms within an optical cavity, which traps light
between two opposed mirrors. The combination could one day form a
quantum memory element.
Colombe, Jakob Reichel and colleagues have put a BEC between two
mirrors, which form an optical cavity trapping photons of a
particular wavelength. They have shown that the BEC can be forced
to respond to exactly that wavelength, so that it should only emit
photons in a controlled direction within the cavity.
A BEC can more easily be cooled to very low temperatures than a
single atom, says Tilman Esslinger of the Institute for Quantum
Electronics in Zurich, Switzerland, who leads the second team. The
cold BEC has no thermal motion and does not drift away, meaning the
information held in it could be stored for longer.
Building the cavity was a particularly tricky technical problem for
Colombe's team, as their aim was to fit it onto a single chip. They
developed a new type of cavity, in which the mirrors are painted
onto the ends of two optical fibres just 0.04 millimetres across.
They used a laser to evaporate material from each fibre, sculpting
an extremely smooth mirror surface.
The new experiments show that a BEC can be plugged into an optical
cavity, but Esslinger is keen to point out they cannot yet function
as quantum memory elements. For now, he says, the objective is
simply to learn how this new combined system behaves.
Journal references: Nature (vol.450, p.268 / vol.450, p.272)
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[42]Talk from within China about the Appreciation of the Yuan
[43]Controls on the capital account are "virtually ineffective" and
speculative funds keep pouring in, betting on the yuan's appreciation,
Guo Jianwei, a senior bank official for monetary policy, said in a
policy paper. The report urges reform of the current exchange rate
regime. The rate, set Wednesday at a record high of 7.4476 to the
dollar, has appreciated faster in recent weeks, adding to already
entrenched speculation that the yuan is a one-way bet.
"Worries that a narrowing US-China interest rate gap will
exacerbate speculative capital inflows have limited the room for
raising Chinese interest rates and have curtailed the strength of
sterilisation operations," he said.
The process of using interest rates to manage the economy has also
become "ineffective" because of the sharp inflow of hot money and
because of limitations in the interest rate regime itself, the
report said.
One possible avenue for discouraging capital inflows is to further
restrict the ability to take money out of the country, he said, a
view that runs counter to suggestions that China needs to relax
capital controls.
[44]Robert Mundell, Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics, said China
should learn lessons from Japan's experience. The yen's value tripled
from 1985 to 1995, leading to a deflation that plagued the country for
15 years.
"Five percent a year will not be a great damage to Chinese economy,
but be aware of the effect of accelerating it," said Mundell.
[45]A report compiled by the Institute of Urban Finance under the
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) predicted the
appreciation of the Chinese currency would accelerate.
The report published Wednesday on the China Securities Journal
stated that a recent interest rate reduction in the United States
had not hindered China's prudent monetary policy for the time
being, but over the long run the influx of liquidity into the
country would quicken and cause the yuan to further appreciate.
[46]Cheng Siwei, vice chairman of the Standing committee of the
National People's Congress, indicated that China should look at
diversifying its $1.4 trillion in reserves into other stronger
currencies
OTHER READING:
[47]The Canadian dollar is hitting highs and has appreciated 27% in
2007 versus the US Dollar The Canadian dollar touched US$1.10.
[48]In the middle of 2007, Canada had a GDP of C$1.53 trillion and a
GDP growth rate of 2.3% per year Maintaining economic growth would put
Canada at C$1.55 trillion at the end of 2007. This would convert to
US$1.7 trillion for Canada's GDP.
[49]The United States GDP will at US$14.1 trillion at the end of 2007.
(look at the top of table 3 in the long web [page)
China's GDP at the end of 2007 is about 23.5 trillion yuan.
[50]This is on track with my projection of China's economy passing the
United States in size on an exchange rated basis.
[51]China's overall is likely to pass the German economy on an
exchange rated basis at the end of 2007 or very early in 2008. Any
strong revaluation of the yuan with a strong appreciation could
leapfrog China's economy past Japan in 2008 or 2009.
UPDATE:
[52]Brad Delong mentions that the primary risks to the global economy
over the next two to three years is if China does not allow the Yuan
to appreciate fast enough, which then results in a sharp unwinding in
two to three years.
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* [70]Two proposals for mining the Ocean for $720 trillion worth of
Uranium
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----- End forwarded message -----
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Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org
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